STUDY ON EFFICIENT ANEUPLOID PRODUCTION FROM TRIPLOID THROUGH IN-OVULO EMBRYO CULTURE IN GRAPES.

通过葡萄胚内培养从三倍体高效生产非整倍体的研究。

• 批准号: 07660041
• 负责人: HIRAMATSU Michikazu
• 金额: $ 1.79万
• 依托单位: KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07660041/
• 关键词: GRAPE; ANEUPLOID; SEEDLESS; 種なし(無核); 胚珠・胚培養; 三倍体

Aneuploid plants often show low gametic fertility resulted from unequal meiotic distribution of chromosomes into reproductive cells. This neture of aneuploid is expected to be available for seedless grape production. For raising aneuploid progenies as a new type of seedless table grapes, we assessed the breeding potential of triploid grapes. Pollen germination rate of 153 triploid strains was 0 to 3.19% when the pollen was cultured on 1g/l^<-1> agar media added 10g/l^<-1> sucrose and 10mg/1^<-1> boric acid. In 145 triploid strains, 0 to 1.6% seeded berries set by self-pollination. With the aid of in-ovulo embryo culture, 107 seedlings were raised from crossing between triploid and diploid, and between triploid and tetraploid, though the recovery rate of the seedlings for the number of pollinated flowers was 0 to 1.37%. In comparison with reciprocal crosses between triploid and diploid, and between triploid and tetraploid, the cross with triploid as a pollen parent showed superior seedling recovery rate to the reciprocal cross. The application of 75 mg/l^<-1> p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid to the pollinated flower clusters was not effective for seedling recovery. Chromosome number of established seedling were 48,51,53,68,69,79,92, indicating aneuploid plants. The results of the present study suggest that triploid grapes can be used as a source for raising aneuploid progenies, despite their low gametic fertility. The first successful report for raising aneuploid grapes by artificial crossing was reported.

非整倍体植物通常表现出低配子育性，这是由于生殖细胞中染色体减数分裂分布不均造成的。这种非整倍体性质预计可用于无籽葡萄生产。为了培育非整倍体后代作为新型无籽鲜食葡萄，我们评估了三倍体葡萄的育种潜力。 153个三倍体菌株的花粉在添加10g/l^-1蔗糖和10mg/1^-1硼酸的1g/l^-1琼脂培养基上培养时的花粉萌发率为0～3.19％。在 145 个三倍体品系中，0% 至 1.6% 通过自花授粉结出种子浆果。借助卵内胚培养，三倍体与二倍体、三倍体与四倍体杂交培育出107株幼苗，但幼苗的授粉花数恢复率为0～1.37%。与三倍体与二倍体之间、三倍体与四倍体之间的正交相比，以三倍体作为花粉亲本的交交显示出比正交更高的成苗恢复率。向授粉的花簇施用75mg/l -1 对氯苯氧基乙酸对于幼苗恢复没有效果。建苗染色体数目分别为48、51、53、68、69、79、92，表明为非整倍体植株。本研究的结果表明，三倍体葡萄可以用作培育非整倍体后代的来源，尽管它们的配子繁殖力较低。报道了第一个人工杂交培育非整倍体葡萄的成功报道。