ALLELOPATHY IN FOREST

对生长在北海道林区的几种植物的化感作用进行了研究。以作物种子(生菜)和林木种子(青海云杉)为试材，测定其发芽率和伸长率。已有研究表明，兴安落叶松的树叶具有很强的抗逆性。海棠(Ailantus Altissima)、多叶扁豆(Thujopsis dolabrata var.)红豆杉、糖枫、花椒、玉兰、刺槐、日本花椒。对两种种子的萌发和伸长均表现出较强的化感作用，而对黑核桃、毛细叶胡桃、黄杨、白果、雪松、蒙古栎和冷杉则表现出明显的化感作用。春夏季节采集的叶片和根组织对作物种子萌发和伸长的抑制作用强于秋季采集的组织。杜仲叶和果实对生菜种子伸长有抑制作用，秋季采收的生菜叶片抑制作用较强。冬青叶表现出明显的化感作用，尤其是正己烷可溶部分对作物种子萌发有抑制作用。从叶、地、根组织中提取的石杉和千里光、正己烷和乙酸乙酯的可溶性部分均表现出化感作用。对作物种子的萌发和伸长有抑制作用。蒙古栎全季采集对作物种子和树木种子的伸长均有抑制作用。

Several plants grown in Hokkaido forest area were examined on allelopathic effect. A crop seed (lettuce) and tree seed (Picea glehnii) were used for assay on germination and elongation. It has been shown that leaves of Larix gmelini var. japonica, Ailanthus altissima, Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondae, Acer saccharum, Sorbus commixta, Magnolia obovata, Robinia pseudoacacia, Petasites japonicus ver. Giganteus, Sasa senanensis and Lysichitum camtschatcense have strong allelopathic effects on germination and elongation of both seeds.On the other hand, Weekly effects are shown for Juglans nigla, J.ailanthifolia, J.regia, Plerocarya rhoifolia, Cercidiphylum japonicum, Quercus mongolica and Abies sachalinensis.Further study concerning allelochemicals were purchased using Ailanthus altissima, Sorbus commixta, Petasites japonicus ver. Giganteus, J.ailanthifolia, Sasa senanensis, Quercus mongolica.In A.altissima, leaf and root tissues collected in spring-summer season inhibited germination and elongation of crop seeds stronger than those tissues collected in autumn season. Leaf and fruits of S.commixta inhibited elongation of lettuce seed and leaf collected in autumn have strong effect. Leaves from J.ailanthifolia showed allelopathic effect clearly, especially hexane soluble fraction are inhibited germination of crop seedsIn the case of P.japonicus ver. Giganteus and S.senanensis, Hexane and Ethyl acetate soluble fraction from tissues of leaf, shoot and root showed allelopathic effect. inhibited germination and elongation of crop seeds.Q.mongolica collected in all season showed inhibited elongation of crop and tree seeds.