Longitudinal study on home rage of first-time mothers by using orbits of Global Positioning System.

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Eight first-time mothers were asked to list the places they went outside from birth to age 2 of their young children. One of the mothers was also tracked on location by using Global Positioning System five consecutive days every month during 9 months from the birth. The data revealed that the mothers spent almost every day at home with their children during 1 to 2 months from the birth. For a while after "satogaeri"(their perinatal visit and stay with their parents), some mothers frequently visited their parent's and/or relative's home with their young infants. Also, during this period the mothers were likely to go outside with their husbands and/or their own parents(the children's grandparents), perhaps showing "running-in period". Afterwards while 4 and 5 months after birth, most of the mothers became increasingly to go to various places alone with their young infants. During the second years of the children, unemployed mothers became more frequent to participate in the child-care groups. In addition, some of their partners(the children's fathers) sometimes went outside alone with their children for several hours.