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Functions of Melanogenesis-Related Genes by Chemical and Biochemical Methods

通过化学和生化方法研究黑素生成相关基因的功能

基本信息

批准号：
07670971
负责人：
ITO Shosuke
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
Fujita Health University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07670971/
关键词：
Eumelanin Pheomelanin Melanogenesis HPLC Spectrophotometric Method Hair Wool メラニンメラノサイトチロシナーゼ

项目摘要

Mammalian melanins exist in two chemically distinctforms : the brown to black eumelanins and the yellow to reddish pheomelanins. Melanogenesis is influenced by a number of genes, the levels of whose products determine the quantity and quality of the melanins produced. To examine the effects of various coat-color genes on the chemical properties of melanins synthesized in the follicular melanocytes of mice, we have introduced new methods to solubilize differentially pheomelanins and brown -type eumelanins. We applied these and previously developed HPLC and spectrophotometric methods for assaying eu- and pheomelanins to characterize melanins in various mutant mice : black, lethal yellow, viable yellow, agouti, brown, light, albino, dilute, recessive yellow, pink-eyed dilution, slaty, and silver. It was demonstrated that 1) complete solubilization of melanins in Soluene-350 is a convenient method to estimate the total amount of eu- and pheomelanins, 2) lethal yellow, viable yellow, and recessive yellow hairs contain almost pure pheomelanins, and 3) melanins from brown, light, silver, and pink-eyed black hairs share chemical properties in common that are characterized by partial solubility in strong alkali. We suggest that 1) the brown-type eumelanins have lower degrees of polymerization than the black-type eumelanins, and 2) slaty hair melanin contains a greatly reduced ratio of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid-derived units as compared with black and other eumelanic hair melanins. These results indicate that our methodology, HPLC and spectrophotometric methods combined, may be useful in chemically characterizing melanin pigments produced follicular melanocytes.

哺乳动物黑色素以两种化学上不同的形式存在：棕色至黑色的真黑素和黄色至微红色的褐黑素。黑色素生成受到许多基因的影响，其产物的水平决定了产生的黑色素的数量和质量。为了研究不同毛色基因对小鼠滤泡黑素细胞合成的黑色素化学性质的影响，我们引入了新方法来溶解不同的褐黑素和棕色型真黑素。我们应用这些和以前开发的 HPLC 和分光光度法来测定真黑素和褐黑素，以表征各种突变小鼠中的黑色素：黑色、致死黄、活黄、刺豚鼠、棕色、浅色、白化、稀释、隐性黄色、粉红眼稀释、板岩和银色。结果表明：1) 黑色素在 Soluene-350 中的完全溶解是估计真黑素和褐黑素总量的便捷方法，2) 致死黄、活黄和隐性黄毛发几乎含有纯褐黑素，3) 棕色、浅色、银色和粉眼黑毛发中的黑色素具有共同的化学性质，其特点是在强碱中部分溶解。我们认为：1) 棕色型真黑素的聚合度低于黑色型真黑素，2) 与黑色和其他真黑素相比，灰褐色头发黑色素含有的 5,6-二羟基吲哚-2-羧酸衍生单元的比例大大降低。这些结果表明，我们的方法、HPLC 和分光光度法相结合，可能有助于化学表征毛囊黑素细胞产生的黑色素。