The Developmental Study on Laughter in Early Childhood by the Participating Observation Method

采用参与式观察法，对幼儿园一个班1995 ~ 1997年3年的幼儿笑声记录进行了研究，结果发现：幼儿在幼儿园生活中，随着时间的推移，幼儿的笑声有明显的成长。特别是在人与师、人与朋友的关系方面，可以追踪到人的智力发展和发展，主要分为三个方面，即关于身体和自然的笑、关于智力认知的笑和关于人与人的关系的笑。一个与吃有关的，直接的身体接触，性别意识，一个当他们移动时，当他们与自然交流时。从3岁到5岁，儿童的智力认知都有不同程度的变化，笑的智力发展与游戏有关。它分为理解事物、使形象成为一种形式、使虚构游戏的乐趣和使故事具有期待性、游戏性和幽默性等几个方面。就这一部分而言，可以考虑更多的与结构有关的内容。在关于人际关系的笑中，它分为与老师的关系、与朋友的关系和与自己的关系三个方面。此外，作为个案研究，留下的记录是一个女孩带着两个男孩，几乎没有笑脸。

For 3 years, the records of the laughter of the infant collected by the participating observation method for one class in the kindergarten from 1995 to 1997.As a result, it found the following.It finds that the children grows clearly in their kindergarten life when seeing the records according to the time elapse and going. Especially, it is possible to chase about the intellectual development and developing in the aspect of the human relation with the teacher and with friends.It classified the records mainly into three respects, the laughter that concerns the body and the nature, the one about the intellectual recognition and the one that concerns human relation.In the laughter about the body and the nature, there were the one when they touch with water, the one that relates to eating, the direct body contacts, the gender consciousness, the one when they move and when they commune the nature. And it saw a change into 5 year-old children from 3 year-old children respectively.The laughter about the intellectual recognition suggests the intellectual development, which is related with the play. It classified into the understanding something, making the image a form, the pleasure of the make-believe play and making the story enjoying expectation, a game and humor, and so on. As for this part, it is possible to consider more having to do with structure.In the laughter about the human relation, it divided into three, relation with teacher, friends and oneself.Moreover, as the case study, the records were left about one girl with two boys with few smiling faces.