EFFECTS OF WARMING UP UNDER HOT AND COLD ENVIRONMENT CONDITION

有许多关于热身程序的报告。但大多数报道都是在常温条件下进行的，没有对高温和低温条件下的热身进行研究，本研究采用人工气候箱，研究了高温和低温条件下不同强度和持续时间的热身效果，结果表明，在高温高湿条件下，高强度的热身效果不明显。在阳光充足的环境中，运动前最好先饮水，以免体重下降，降低运动效率;在寒冷的环境中，运动强度低，时间长，但不宜过长。以夏季高温高湿环境下田径中长跑运动员、越野滑雪运动员和有舵雪橇运动员为研究对象，从热身的实际情况出发，对夏季高温高湿环境下中长跑运动员过度热身的情况进行了现场数据分析。体温的过度升高和热身带来的疲劳影响成为一个大问题。越野滑雪运动员和有舵雪橇运动员的热身使他们的直肠温度升高到38-39摄氏度，这太高了。直肠温度下降与休息时间有直接关系。这就提出了如何有效利用热身后的休息时间的问题，本研究结果表明，应尽量缩短热身时间和休息时间，以防止不必要的疲劳和体温的降低。

There are many reports on warming up procedures. But most report are based under normal temperature condition and they do not research warming up conditions under high or low temperatures.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of warming up by intensity and duration under hot and cold environment conditions by using climate chamber.The result of this experiment showed that the warming up with high intensity was ineffective under hot and high humidity condition. But it was less of a problem under hot and low humidity condition.It is desirable to intake wate r before warming up in sunny condition, because of more weight loss and decrease of exercise efficiency.In the cold environment condition, warming up should be low intensity and longer in time duration but it can not be excessively long. The main concern should be to prevent excessive perspiration and quick lowering of body temperature.The field data from the actual condition of warming up were taken from middle and long distance runner of the track and field, cross-country skiers and bobsleigh competitors.Excessive warming up was done by the middle and long distance runners under hot and humid environment in summer. Excessive rise in body temperature and the influence of fatigue by warming up became a large concern.Warming up by the cross-country skiers and bobsleigh competitors raised their rectal temperature to 38-39ﾟC,which too high. And also the direct relationship between decline of rectal temperature and rest time was observed. This raised the problem of how to use rest time effectively after warming up.The result of this field study shows that shorter time for warming up and rest time should be taken prevent unnecessary fatigue and lowering of body temperature.