Research on the Cognitive Process of second language vocabulary learning and its application to machine translation

我们调查了成人学习者在学习第二语言时面临困难的原因，特别是把英语作为第二语言学习的日本人。具体地说，我们怀疑第二语言学习困难的原因之一是由于学习者的初级语言和他/她正在学习的第二语言的词汇化结构的差异。我们从两个语义域对这一假说进行了实证检验：(1)词汇化运动域；(2)关于个性化的词汇化上位概念域。通过一系列实验，我们发现，在这两个领域，日语使用者都把新奇的英语单词等同于相应的日语单词，这一假设阻碍了对目标英语单词的完整意义的学习。为实现高质量的机器翻译进行了基础研究。一个大规模的协会…从小学课本中提取日语基本名词中的概念性概念、特定性概念、相似性概念、属性概念、相关动作概念和相关情境概念。概念被组织成层次结构，以成为电子概念词典。一般而言，上下文信息对于高质量的机器翻译是必要的。对于人类词汇学习机制的计算机模拟，我们尝试用带外展的归纳逻辑程序设计方法来描述。外展ILP与标准ILP的不同之处在于，它建议增加背景知识，而不是推断规则来解释给定的例子。通过使用该功能，例如，当给定句子中的某些单词由于缺乏信息而不能被正确解析时，系统可以猜测其缺失的语法类别。在我们的研究中，我们开发了一个完整的程序来寻找缺失的单一规则或事实(如果存在)。较少

We irrvestigated the causes for difficuties adult learners face in learning a second language, with a special focus on Japanese speakers learning English as the second language. Specifically, we suspected that one of the reasons for the difficulty in learning a second language is due to the difference in lexicalzation structures between the learner's narive language and the target second language he/she is learning We tested this hypothesis empirically focusing on the two semantic domains : (1) a domain of lexicalizing motions, and (2) the domain of lexicalizing superordinate concepts with respect to individuation. Through a series of experiments, we found that, in both domains, Japanese speakers assumed novel English words as equivalents of the corresponding Japanese words, and learning of the full meanings of the target English words were hindered by this assumption.The basic research for implementing the high quality machine translation has been conducted. A large scale association … More experiment was implemented to collect gene ralized concepts, specific ones, similar ones, attribute ones, related action concepts and related situation ones from Japanese basic nouns which are extracted from elementary school text books. The concepts are organized into hierarchical structures to be an electronic concept dictionary. In general, contextual information is necessary for high quality machine translation. The dictionary will provide such crucial information from the related action concepts or the related situation concepts in the electronic concept dictionary.As for computer simulation of human vocaburary learning mechanism, we tried to formulate it by Inductive Logic Programming with abduction (abductive ILP). Abductive ILP is different from standard ILP in a sense that it rather suggests to augment background knowledge than to infer rules to explain given examples. By using this function, the system can guess, for example, a missing grammatical category for certain words in a given sentence when it cannot be parsed correctly due to the lacking information. In our research, we developed a complete procedure to find the missing a single rule or fact if there exist. Less