Assessment and Evaluation in Integrated Studies

本研究的目的是分析和检视在类似综合性学习的课程中进行教育评价的做法，以便在综合性学习中制定具体的评价方法。本研究主要集中在以下两个方面。首先，我们考察了奈良女子大学附属小学、和子和鹤川小学的实践，这两所小学传统上都是进行综合学习的。对附小进行了深入的调查，不仅收集和检查了它的史料，而且观察了它现在的各种课程。结果在中期报告(1999年)中报告，该报告的修订本后来作为研究“综合研究”的可能性而出版(田中，K.K.，密涅瓦，1999年)。第二，本研究还考察了美国、英国和德国的理论和实践，在这些国家中，我们可以在综合研究中发现各种值得注意的评估成果。我们特别关注了档案袋评估，这在美国非常流行，作为一种“基于绩效的评估”和“真实评估”的方法。一些调查人员访问了纽约州的约翰逊城学区，以观察他们在档案袋评估方面的实际做法。采访那里的工作人员特别有用。国外的做法在《综合研究和投资组合评估》一书(Tanaka，K.和Nishioka，K.，Nihon Hyojun，1999)和最后报告(2000)中作了报告。

The purpose of this research is to analyze and examine the practices of educational evaluation in those curricula similar to the Integrated Study, so that we can develop concrete methods of assessment in integrated studies. This research focused especially on the following two areas.First, we examined practices in the Primary School Attached to Nara Women's University, and Wako and Wako Tsurukawa Primary Schools, which have traditionally dealt with integrated studies. The Attached Primary School was intensively investigated not only by collecting and examining its historical materials, but also by observing various types of its present lessons. The results were reported in the Interim Report (1999), whose revision was later published as Examining the Possibilities of 'Integrated Studies' (Tanaka, K. ed., Minerva, 1999). The Final Report (2000) clarified the position of this part of our research in the wider history of education in Japan.Secondly, this research also examined theories and practices in the USA, UK, and Germany, where we can find various noteworthy fruits in assessment in integrated studies. We particularly looked at portfolio assessment, which is getting very popular in the USA as a method of 'performance-based assessment' and 'authentic assessment'. Some of the investigators visited Johnson City School District in New York State in order to observe their actual practices of portfolio assessment. Interviewing the staff there was especially useful. The foreign practices are reported in the book entitled Integrated Studies and Portfolio Assessment (Tanaka, K. and Nishioka, K., Nihon Hyojun, 1999) and the Final Report (2000).