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A Study on the Political Function of Language in National Movements and Conflicts

语言在民族运动和冲突中的政治功能研究

基本信息

批准号：
09620071
负责人：
MATSUO Masatsugu
金额：
$ 1.79万
依托单位：
HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In order to clarify under which conditions language plays a significant role in nationalism and what functions language plays in which circumstances, nationalism is first defined as a political idea and movement which seeks for the convergence of nation and state. Conclusions drawn from comparative analysis of a variety of cases on the basis of this assumption are ad follows.First, language can be a criterion which distinguishes a nation from other nations. But at this stage, language is only a potential resource for nationalism, and this distinguishing function also imposes a restraint on nationalism. It is because, as a distinguishing criterion, language should satisfy two conditions: internal homogeneity and external difference. Secondly, modern industrial society requires a common written language for its proper economic functioning. This requirement transforms the potential availability of language for nationalism into the necessity. Nationalism is an attempt to satisfy this requirement of a common language by casting a nation into the mold named state. On the one hand, language, distinctive of the nation, confirms their identity and authenticity flowing continuously from time immemorial, an on the other, language common to the nation, assures their individual and collective life chances, that is, their security and interests in modern society. Thus language satisfies both the identity and interests of the nation, and hence it is the key to nationalism.In addition, a research bibliography on the relationship between nationalism and language was comprised. It consists of a little less than 2,000 research titles.

为了阐明语言在民族主义中的重要作用以及语言在何种情况下发挥何种作用，本文首先将民族主义定义为一种寻求民族与国家融合的政治思想和政治运动。在此假设的基础上，通过对各种案例的比较分析，得出以下结论：第一，语言可以成为一个民族区别于其他民族的标准。但在现阶段，语言只是民族主义的一种潜在资源，这种区分功能也对民族主义形成了制约。这是因为，语言作为一种区分标准，必须满足两个条件：内在的同质性和外在的差异性。第二，现代工业社会需要一种共同的书面语言来保证其正常的经济运作。这一要求将民族主义语言的潜在可用性转化为必要性。民族主义就是试图通过把一个民族铸造成国家的模子来满足这种共同语言的要求。一方面，民族特有的语言确认了他们自古以来就流传下来的身份和真实性，另一方面，民族共有的语言保障了他们个人和集体的生活机会，即他们在现代社会中的安全和利益。因此，语言既满足民族的身份认同，又满足民族的利益需求，是民族主义的关键所在。此外，本文还对民族主义与语言的关系进行了研究。它由不到2,000个研究标题组成。