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Research on Employment and Social Security System in 21st Century

21世纪就业和社会保障制度研究

基本信息

批准号：
09630052
负责人：
OSAWA Machiko
金额：
$ 1.47万
依托单位：
Japan Women's University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In the 21^<st> century, utilization of women workers is the key for economic development and maintaining social security system in the aging society. At the same time, growth of non-standard work arrangements is expanding in Japan in order to reduce labor costs and foster competitiveness in the global economy.This research examines how the growth of non-standard work arrangements proliferated in the economy, why this is happening, and what are the consequences of the growth of non-standard work arrangement in terms of job security, wages and benefits. It is found that the growth of non standard work arrangements is a demand driven phenomenon because the pressure to reduce labor costs is the primary reason why firms change the optimum mix of regular and non-regular workers and increase non-regular workers.This is because companies do not have to pay seniority-based wages and social security and unemployment premiums for most of the non-regular workers. This cost saving is especially important at a time when the labor force is aging.At the same time, it is important to recognize the need for married women to work part-time in order to reconcile the competing demands between family obligations and work. Thus we propose to create regular full-time jobs which enable workers to choose flexible work schedules in order to balance work and family life, increase the return on women's educational investments, stimulate economic growth and augment government finances.

在21世纪，在老龄化社会中，女性劳动力的利用是经济发展和维护社会保障体系的关键。与此同时，为了降低劳动力成本和在全球经济中培养竞争力，日本非标准工作安排的增长正在扩大。这项研究考察了非标准工作安排的增长是如何在经济中激增的，为什么会发生这种情况，以及非标准工作安排的增长在工作保障、工资和福利方面的后果是什么。研究发现，非标准工作安排的增长是一种需求驱动的现象，因为降低劳动力成本的压力是企业改变正规工和非正规工的最优组合、增加非正规工的主要原因。这是因为公司不必为大多数非正规工支付工龄工资、社会保障和失业保险费。在劳动力老龄化的情况下，这种成本节约尤其重要。同时，重要的是认识到已婚妇女需要兼职工作，以协调家庭义务和工作之间的相互冲突的需求。因此，我们建议创造固定的全职工作，使工人能够选择灵活的工作时间，以平衡工作和家庭生活，增加妇女教育投资的回报，刺激经济增长和增加政府财政。