Social security, the labour market and public health in the UK and South Korea: Lessons for post-pandemic recovery and reform

英国和韩国的社会保障、劳动力市场和公共卫生：大流行后恢复和改革的经验教训

• 批准号: ES/W010704/1
• 负责人: Nicholas Pearce
• 金额: $ 4.51万
• 依托单位: University of Bath
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FW010704%2F1
• 关键词: Social; security; labour; market; public

A series of collaborations between the Institute for Policy Research at the University of Bath and the Institute of Welfare State Research at Yonsei University, South Korea. The two universities have previously enjoyed a fruitful partnership, and the proposed research and knowledge exchange collaborations are intended to build on this relationship. The collaborations consist of several conferences and workshops as well as a series of fellowships. As well as an academic partnership, the collaboration will include knowledge exchange with various government departments and think-tanks, and will enable the development of the capabilities and networks of Early Career Researchers.The proposed collaboration seeks to develop research into seven key strands of research:1. Lessons from the Covid-19 Pandemic for Welfare State Reform.Under the measures to protect jobs and livelihoods in both countries, such as the UK's 'furlough' scheme and the Republic of Korea's short-term job retention scheme, how well did did these schemes perform? How well did they provide social security and maintaining employment?2. Automation, Technology, Employment and the Labour Share: Tackling Inequality and Providing Inclusive Economic GrowthEach country has seen a decline in the labour share, and a rise in non-standard employment. Income inequality is relatively high in both countries. What is contributing to this decline? What is the role of in-work benefits and social security in this context?3. Universal Basic Income: Pilots and Political Developments in the UK and Republic of Korea.Interest in Universal Basic Income has risen during the Covid-19 pandemic, with several pilots planned or have taken place recently, such as in the Gyeonggi Province in South Korea, and two proposed by the Scottish and Welsh governments. What lessons can be learnt from the evaluations in South Korea? What has been proposed for the pilots in Scotland and Wales? 4. The Social Investment State in the UK and Korea, pre-and-post-pandemic: prospects and public policy options.The UK and the Republic of Korea have seen extensive development of 'social investment' welfare state strategies in recent decades. However, investment has also been cut in many places in the UK and in Korea, employment rates are low and the gender-pay gap is high. Do social investment strategies ensure minimum levels of social protection? What are the political-economic institutions favouring social investment?5. Young people, post-compulsory education and the future of the labour market.Korea and the UK have amongst the highest rates of populations educated to tertiary level in the world. However, the pandemic has had a greater impact on vulnerable groups such as the low-paid and young people. What happened to the youth labour market during Covid-19? What reforms have occurred to vocational training? What issues are there amongst graduate unemployment?6. Pensions and Social Care reform: A New Gerontocracy or Poverty in Retirement?Korea is a rapidly ageing society, and the UK has a relatively low rate of Basic State Pension. What proposals for reforms into the funding and provisional of social care is there? What is the political economy of old age?7. Employment, social security and public health: strengthening resilience to pandemicsKorea has no sickness benefits, but allowances were made during the pandemic for sick and hospitalised individuals. The UK has a low, flat rate statutory sick pay and made one-off payments to those required to self-isolate as a result of Covid-19 exposure. What inequalities were there in pandemic resilience? What effect did Covid-19 have on urban planning, employment and public health policy?These research questions will be explored and answered by the proposed collaborations, with the intention of informing and shaping public policy, as well as producing high quality collaborative research intended for publication.

巴斯大学政策研究所和韩国延世大学福利国家研究所之间的一系列合作。这两所大学以前有着卓有成效的伙伴关系，拟议的研究和知识交流合作旨在建立这种关系。合作包括几次会议和讲习班以及一系列研究金。除了建立学术伙伴关系外，这项合作将包括与多个政府部门和智囊团进行知识交流，并有助发展早期职业研究人员的能力和网络。建议的合作旨在将研究发展为七个主要研究领域：1.福利国家改革从新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情中汲取的教训。在两国保护就业和生计的措施下，如英国的“休假”计划和韩国的短期工作保留计划，这些计划的表现如何？他们提供社会保障和维持就业的情况如何？2.自动化、技术、就业和劳动力份额：解决不平等问题，实现包容性经济增长每个国家的劳动力份额都有所下降，非标准就业有所上升。这两个国家的收入不平等程度相对较高。是什么导致了这种下降？在这方面，在职福利和社会保障的作用是什么？3.普遍基本收入：英国和韩国的试点和政治发展。在新冠肺炎疫情期间，对全民基本收入的兴趣有所上升，最近计划或已经进行了几个试点，例如在韩国京畿道，以及苏格兰和威尔士政府提出的两个试点。从韩国的评估中可以吸取哪些经验教训？对苏格兰和威尔士的飞行员提出了什么建议？4.英国和韩国的社会投资国家，疫情前后：前景和公共政策选择近几十年来，英国和韩国广泛发展了“社会投资”福利国家战略。然而，在英国和韩国的许多地方，投资也被削减，就业率很低，性别工资差距很大。社会投资战略是否确保最低水平的社会保障？什么是有利于社会投资的政治经济体制？5.年轻人、义务教育后教育和劳动力市场的未来。韩国和英国是世界上受高等教育人口比例最高的国家之一。然而，疫情对低收入人群和年轻人等弱势群体的影响更大。COVID-19期间青年劳动力市场发生了什么？对职业培训进行了哪些改革？毕业生失业有哪些问题？6.养老金和社会保障改革：新的老年政府还是退休贫困？韩国是一个快速老龄化的社会，而英国的基本国家养老金率相对较低。对社会护理的供资和临时性改革有哪些建议？什么是老年政治经济学？7.就业、社会保障和公共卫生：加强对流行病的抵御能力韩国没有疾病福利，但在流行病期间为患病和住院的个人提供津贴。英国有一个较低的统一法定病假工资，并向那些因新冠肺炎而需要自我隔离的人一次性支付。在大流行病复原力方面存在哪些不平等现象？2019冠状病毒病对城市规划、就业和公共卫生政策有什么影响？这些研究问题将通过拟议的合作进行探索和回答，目的是为公共政策提供信息和塑造公共政策，并产生高质量的合作研究成果。