权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

A Study of Multi-ethnic Societies in the African Evergreen Forest

非洲常绿森林多民族社会研究

基本信息

批准号：
08041080
负责人：
TERASHIMA Hideaki
金额：
$ 18.43万
依托单位：
KOBE GAKUIN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The coexistence of various different ethnic groups characterizes the tropical rainforest of Africa. Intensive field survey was conducted among the Baka hunter-gatherers and neighboring slash-and-burn agriculturalists such as the Njem and the Kaka in the south-eastern part of the Republic of Cameroon to gather ecological and ethnological data on the basic potentiality of tropical rainforest as human environment and the adapatation to it. Then the social relationships among various ethnic groups including the Baka were investigated intensively to understand the structure of coexistence of various ethnic gr6ups in the same forest enviromnent. The main research items were as follows :(1)Subsistence activities in the forest : a) soil structures and slash-and-burn agriculture in the forest, b) cultivation of cash crops such as cacao and influence of cash economy, c) para-cultivation of wild yams, d) hunting and gathering of wild resources in the forest, e) health condition of forest dwellers, f) daily life of the Baka Pygmies (diet, activities of children, ritual performances, and so on)(2)Forest resources : a) ecological and taxonomic survey, b) ethnobotanical survey, c) estimation of biomass of wild yams and carrying capacity, d)utilization of non-timber products(3) Local community and inter-ethnic relationships : a) ethnohistory, b)interrelationship between the Baka and neighboring farmers (patron-client relationship, fictive kinship relationship), c) connection to the outside world through local markets, d) public education and its influences As the results of those research, data have been gathered on 1) the natural resources of the forest, 2) the mlti-dimentional use of the forest resources, 3) the coexistence and inter-dependence of various ethnic groups, and 4) the influence of modernization such as education and cash economy on the local community and ethnic relationship.

非洲热带雨林的特点是各种不同种族群体的共存。对巴卡人的狩猎采集者和邻近的刀耕火种的农业者，如南部的Njem人和Kaka人进行了深入的实地调查，在喀麦隆共和国东部地区，收集热带雨林作为人类环境的基本潜力及其适应性的生态学和民族学数据，然后深入调查包括巴卡人在内的各民族之间的社会关系，以了解同一森林环境中多民族共存的格局。主要研究内容如下：（1）林下生存活动：a）森林中的土壤结构和刀耕火种农业，B）可可等经济作物的种植和商品经济的影响，c）野生山药的准种植，d）森林中野生资源的狩猎和采集，e）森林居民的健康状况，f）巴卡俾格米人的日常生活（饮食、儿童活动、仪式表演等）（2）森林资源：a）生态和分类调查，B）民族植物学调查，c）估计野山药的生物量和承载能力，d）利用非木材产品（3）地方社区和族裔间关系：a）民族史，B）巴卡人与邻近农民之间的相互关系（庇护-客户关系，虚构的亲属关系），c）通过当地市场与外部世界的联系，d）公共教育及其影响作为这些研究的结果，收集了以下方面的数据：1）森林的自然资源，（2）森林资源的多维利用;（3）各民族的共存和相互依存;（4）教育、商品经济等现代化对当地社区和民族关系的影响。