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Sustainable use of ecosystem and egalitarianism in the south-western islands of Japan

日本西南诸岛生态系统的可持续利用与平等主义

基本信息

批准号：
11610332
负责人：
TERASHIMA Hideaki
金额：
$ 1.92万
依托单位：
Kobe Gakuin University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study aimed at understanding how natural environment and resources in the South-western islands of Japan have been used in a sustainable way by local communities and how egalitarianism has worked there form the viewpoints of ecological anthropology and environmental folklore. Fieldwork was conducted in Kudaka island and Yaeyama islands of Okinawa, and Pingtong Prefecture of Taiwan. Also for the purpose of comparison, data of various places such as Hainan island of China was analyzed along with the literature.In Kudaka, subsistence activities, natural environment and resources, ethno-science of Kudaka islanders, the traditional belief system and the social structure were investigated. Customary land use pattern which was partly based on the explicit egalitarian idea and sea snakes collecting activity which also involved egalitarianistic structure were studied. A few hundreds of place names of the island including the surrounding reefs were collected and analyzed. Traditional ceremonies of the local community were observed and the role of such ceremonies were analyzed. Finally, recent projects for revitalizing the island in order to cope with the population decline and social breakdown were surveyed.Those investigations have revealed the function of egalitarianism deeply located in the nature of island society for the sustainable use of natural resources and stability of the society. In a small island of subtropical climate, natural resources are limited and not so much concentrated. So their use must not be intensive but diverse use patters are necessary. Such a style of resource use is based on various kinds of social norms and principles. We can understand that egalitarianism is one of most important principles on which social life in subtropical island settings is based.

本研究旨在从生态人类学和环境民俗学的角度，了解日本西南诸岛的自然环境和资源如何被当地社区以可持续的方式利用，以及平等主义如何在那里发挥作用。在冲绳的久田高岛和八重山岛以及台湾的平通县进行了实地调查。为了进行比较，沿着对中国海南岛等地的资料进行了分析，考察了库达卡的生存活动、自然环境和资源、库达卡岛民的民族科学、传统信仰体系和社会结构。研究了部分基于明确的平均主义思想的传统土地利用模式和同样涉及平均主义结构的海蛇采集活动。收集和分析了数百个岛屿的地名，包括周围的珊瑚礁。观察当地社区的传统仪式，并分析这些仪式的作用。最后，调查了最近为科普人口减少和社会崩溃而开展的振兴该岛的项目，这些调查揭示了深深植根于岛屿社会性质的平等主义对于可持续利用自然资源和社会稳定的作用。在一个亚热带气候的小岛上，自然资源有限，而且不那么集中。因此，它们的使用不一定是密集的，但多样化的使用模式是必要的。这种资源使用方式是基于各种社会规范和原则。我们可以理解，平均主义是亚热带岛屿环境中社会生活的最重要原则之一。