Epidemiology and Control of Leishmaniasis in Cetral Eurasia ; A new epidemic in association with irrigation of deserts

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An epidmiological research was undertaken in this year in Xinjinang Uyger Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Twelve Great gerbils (Rhombomys opimus) were captured by traps, 101 female sandflies were collected from their burrows. Stamp smears were made from auricula, liver, and spleen of captured great gerbils, fixed with methanol, and stained with Giemsa. A part of the auricula was fixed with 10% buffered formalin and embeded in paraffin wax. Sections were made and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Sandflies were dissected and their guts were examined microscopically for the presence of promastigotes. Sandflies guts in ehich promastigotes were obtained were transferred to tubes of NNN medium in order to isolate the parasites. As a result, six Leishmania isolates were obtained from three species of sandflies. Three isolates of Leishmania parasites were established from the auricula of the three gerbils. In histopathological examination of naturalli infected great ger … More bils,amastigotes were observed in the auricula but not in spleen and liver. No significant pathological changes were obtained. Eight inbred BALB/c mice and eight Mongolian gerbils were subcutaneously inoculated with eight isolates of Leishmania parasites, KMA-2, KMA-4 and KMA-7 (isolated from Great Gerbils) and KMP-1, KMP-2 and KMP-3, KMP-4 and KMP-6 (isolated from sandflies), pathological and histological examination were performed. Except for KMA-4, the BALB/c mice were shown to be resistant to every isolate. In contrast, high infectivity of Leishmania isolates except KMP-1 and KMP-6 was shown in the experiments on Mongolian gerbils. Promastigotes were successfully re-isolated from the noses of the Mongolian gerbils infected with each isolates. The mini-exon genes were analyzed for four isolates established. Based on the comparison of the sequences with those of reference strains of L. major, L. gerbilli, and L. turanica, Leishmania parasites isolated from the great gerbils were identified as L. gerbilli (KMA-4) and L. turanica (KMA-2), and parasites isolated from sandflies were identified as L. gerbilli (KMP-3) and L. turanica (KMP-2). Less