Studies for the Urban Structure and the Fortification of Ancient Pompeii

著名的罗马遗址庞贝位于意大利南部，于1748年被正式发现，从那时起，这个遗址一直是所谓的古典考古学中最重要的对象之一。最近的研究趋势集中在其城市起源和城市化进程的问题上，以及作为农业生产中心的别墅的社会经济活动。为了弄清这些问题，日本古生物研究所一直在庞贝城防御工事的北部进行考古调查，那里的城门通常被称为Porta Capua。本课题组通过本次研究，将我们对防御塔和城墙的调查结果与以往庞贝古城研究成果相结合，旨在厘清庞贝古城的城市化进程。其中一个结果是证明了这样一个理论，即庞贝是通过建造城墙形成的，城墙的轮廓与我们现在看到的大致相同，在公元前6世纪，而不是在不同阶段的历史扩张中形成的。在这个框架下，最初的定居点在第一阶段围绕着论坛诞生。从那以后，这个定居点先向北发展，然后向东发展。庞贝附近别墅的其他成就主要是生产葡萄酒和橄榄油，它们的经济活动是庞贝最重要的资源。最后，利用日本高度发达的计算机数据分析技术，在照片图像数据的基础上，对防御塔和城墙的建筑结构进行了检验。这些数据和其他照片资料也被数字化到光盘中。

The famous Roman site Pompeii situated in Southern Italy was discovered officially in 1748, and since then this site has been one of the most important object of the so-called classical archeology.The recent tendency of the study about this site is focused on the problems of its urban origin and urbanization process so much as the socioeconomic activities in the villas situated in its domain as the agro-productive center.In order to elucidate these problems, the Japan Institute of Paleological Studies has been occupied with the archaeological investigation in the north part of the fortification of Pompeii where the city gate called Porta Capua has conventionally located.By this study, as combining the results of our investigation to find the defensive Tower and city wall with the past achievements of the Pompeian studies, the research group aimed at to clarify the urbanization process of Pompeii.One of the results was to prove the theory that Pompeii took shape the same dimension by constructing the city wall which follows almost the same outline as we see now during the 6th century B.C.not as shaped by the historical enlargement in various stages.In this frame the original settlement was born around the Forum at the first stage.After that this settlement developed first northwards and then eastwards.The other achievements that the villas in the vicinity of Pompeii produced mainly the wine and olive oil and their economic activities were the most important resource for Pompeii.At last, by utilizing the computer data analysis technology highly developed in Japan, the architectural structures of the defensive Tower and city wall were examined on the basis of photo image data.These data and other photo materials were also digitized in CD rom.