Functional and morphological mapping of the insect brain

昆虫大脑的功能和形态图谱

• 批准号: 08454270
• 负责人: TOH Yoshihiro
• 金额: $ 4.8万
• 依托单位: KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08454270/
• 关键词: brain; neuron; insect; mushroom body; central body; learning; memory; 高次神経機構; 神経解剖学; 神経生理学; 高次脳機能; 嗅葉

1) In the present study structure of brain and learning behavior have been examined in several species of insects. Remarkable differences of the brain structures well as learning abilities could be found between hornets Vespa mandarinia, and cockroaches Periplaneta americana.2) Field observation and laboratory experiments showed that during their forage flight hornets used multiple memory systems, which were memory of motor program, landmark guidance, wide field image matching, learning of pinpoint image of the feeder (goal). Cockroaches were also trained to perform some learning. However, their ability of learning seemed to be limited : they might perform some primitive associative learning. Poor learning ability of the cockroach appears quite reasonable, because they do not seem to need learning under natural habitat.3) Anatomical comparison of the brain also showed clear differences between the hornet and the cockroach. Mushroom bodies, which are a pair of the largest compartments of the insect brain, were well developed and highly organized in the hornet as compared with those of the cockroach. There were no significant differences in relative size of other brain compartment such as central body and olfactory lobes between the two species.4) These data suggest that the mushroom body in the insect brain is deeply concerned with higher brain function.

1)在本研究中，对几种昆虫的大脑结构和学习行为进行了研究。野黄蜂和美洲大蠊在脑结构和学习能力上存在显著差异。2)野外观察和实验室实验表明，黄蜂在觅食飞行过程中使用了多种记忆系统，包括运动程序记忆、标志性引导、大视野图像匹配、摄食器精确图像学习(目标)。蟑螂也被训练来进行一些学习。然而，他们的学习能力似乎是有限的：他们可能会进行一些原始的联想学习。蟑螂的学习能力较差显得相当合理，因为它们在自然环境下似乎不需要学习。3)大脑的解剖比较也显示出大黄蜂和蟑螂的明显差异。蘑菇体是昆虫大脑中最大的两个隔室，与蟑螂相比，大黄蜂的蘑菇体发育良好，组织化程度高。两种昆虫的其他脑室，如中央体和嗅叶的相对大小没有显着差异。4)这些数据表明，昆虫脑中的蘑菇体与较高的脑功能密切相关。

项目成果

Kawabata, S., Saito, T., Saeki., Okono, N., Mizutani, A., Yoh, Y., Iwanaga, S.: "cDNA cloning, tissue distribution, and subcellular localization of horseshoe crab big defensin" Biol.Chem.378. 289-294 (1997)

Kawabata, S.、Saito, T.、Saeki.、Okono, N.、Mizutani, A.、Yoh, Y.、Iwanaga, S.：“鲎大防御素的 cDNA 克隆、组织分布和亚细胞定位” Biol

Okada, J.and Toh, Y.: "Shade response in the escape behavior of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana" Zool.Sci.15. (in press). (1988)

Okada, J. 和 Toh, Y.：“美洲大蠊蟑螂逃逸行为中的遮荫反应”Zool.Sci.15。

Mizutani, A.and Toh, Y.: "Behavioral analysis of two visual responses in the larva of tiger beetle (Cicindela chinensis)" J.Comp.Physiol.181. 590-601 (1998)

Mizutani, A. 和 Toh, Y.：“虎甲虫 (Cicindela chinensis) 幼虫两种视觉反应的行为分析”J.Comp.Physiol.181。

Yamana, K., Doi, N and Toh, Y.: "Ionic mechanism of the carbon dioxide reception in the Japanese house centipede" Thereuonema hilgendorfi. Zool.Sci.15. (in press). (1988)

Yamana, K.、Doi, N 和 Toh, Y.：“日本蜈蚣吸收二氧化碳的离子机制” Thereuonema hilgendorfi。

Kawabata, S.: "cDNA cloning, tissue distribution, and subcellular localization of horseshoe crab big defensin." Biol.Chem.378. 289-284 (1997)

Kawabata, S.：“鲎大防御素的 cDNA 克隆、组织分布和亚细胞定位。”