Highly sensitive determination in a microscopic region using a near-field microscope.

(1)目的在近场共聚焦激光诱导荧光显微技术的基础上，建立一种新型的高灵敏度、高效率的显微分析技术。还应进行各种应用。(1)设计与施工。///为提高灵敏度和空间分辨率，采用氩气激光器和二极管激光器作为激励源，购买二维CCD系统，设计并构建了一种新型激光诱导荧光显微镜。(2)光纤束系统。///这种新型仪器的独特之处在于它采用了光纤束。束在显微镜焦点处呈圆形，以获得宽区域的图像，在单色仪的狭缝处呈线性。这种配置允许在CCD上同时观察每根光纤的荧光。(3)形象呈现。/// CCD上的图像可以直接观察水面的分子动力学。分子像岛屿一样停留在水面上。(4)卟啉荧光光谱。///在水面上测量了几种卟啉的荧光光谱，发现它们与碳氢化合物中的荧光光谱一致。因此，我们可以得出这样的结论：水的表面和大部分碳氢化合物一样疏水。(5)水面动力学。///时间分辨荧光光谱显示出一定的波动，这可以用分子在水面上形成团簇并在其上运动的模型来理解。(6)菁氨酸的荧光光谱。///在水面上测量了几种菁类化合物的荧光光谱，结果与碳氢化合物的荧光光谱一致。因此，水的表面和大部分碳氢化合物一样疏水。(7)的结论。///由于布朗运动造成的长时间积累困难，灵敏度没有预期的那么高。

(1) PurposeIn order to improve a highly sensitive and effective analytical technique in a microscopic region, a new instrument should be constructed based on near-filed and confocal laser-induced fluorescence microscopy. Various application should also be carried out.(2) Results(1) Desigh and construction.///A new laser-induced fluorescence microscope instrument was design and constructed with a purchase of a two-dimensional CCD system using an Argon laser and a diode laser as excitation sources to improve sensitivity and spatial resolution.(2) Optical fiber bundle system.///A unique feature of the new instrument lies in the use of optical fiber bundle. The bundle was circular at the microscope focus to obtain images of a wide region and linear at the slit of the monochromator. This configuration allowed to observe fluorescence at each optical fiber simultaneously on CCD.(3) Image presentation.///The image on CCD allowed direct observation of molecular dynamics on water surface. The molecules stayd on water surface like an island.(4) Fluorescence spectrum of porphyn.///The fluorescence spectra of several porphyns were measured on water surface and found to agree with those in hydrocarbons. Thus, we can conclude that the water surface is as hydrophobic as the bulk of hydrocarbons.(5) Dynamics on water surface.///The time-resolved fluorescence spectra showed some fluctuation, which can be understood by a model that molecules form a cluster on water surface and clusters are moving on it.(6) Fluorescence spectrum of cyanines.///The fluorescence spectra of several cyanines were measured on water surface and agreed with those in hydrocarbons. Thus, the water surface is as hydrophobic as the bulk of hydrocarbons.(7) Conclusion.///The sensitivity has been not as much high as expected due to difficulties in long-time accumulation owing to the Brownian motion.