Effects of work inside and outside a cold storage on health-The basic study for establishing the suitable working conditions in the cold environments.

为了解冷库内、外作业对冷库叉车操作工人健康的影响，进行了时间-运动研究，并对男性工人的循环功能变化进行了初步调查。在此基础上，对冬季和夏季非寒冷环境下的男性受试者进行了实验研究。此外，时间运动研究进行了监测的循环和心理功能的变化与男性工人操作叉车在冷藏设施的调查。我们研究了工作或绝缘条件与循环或心理功能变化之间的关系。结果如下：在初步调查中，在冷库内外工作期间血压升高。随着冷库总停留时间的增加， 关于我们 增加血液中肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素浓度，降低舌下温度。血液中去甲肾上腺素浓度的增加导致血压升高，实验研究中，收缩压和血液中去甲肾上腺素浓度随冷藏库停留时间的增加或服装保温程度的降低而升高。随着冷藏时间的延长，舌下温度下降幅度明显增大。这些趋势在冬季比夏季更为突出。在冷藏库内停留时间对心理功能的Kraepelin测验没有影响，在调查中，一天内进入冷藏库的平均总次数冬季为58次，夏季为64次。这显示出很大的个体差异。在冷库中的平均总停留时间冬季为4小时33分钟，夏季为7小时4分钟。在冬季和夏季，有60%以上的工人抱怨“手或腿冷或痛”。冷库内、外血压无明显差异。收缩压冬季高于夏季。血中儿茶酚胺浓度在作业结束时比作业开始时有升高的趋势。夏季差异显著。基线浓度冬季高于夏季。工作结束时舌下温度下降，其变化与在冷库中的总停留时间有关。进入冷库的总次数与血压和血中儿茶酚胺浓度的变化无明显关系，总之，冷库内外作业对循环功能有影响，如血压升高、血中儿茶酚胺浓度升高、舌下温度降低等。在冷库中停留的总时间越长，影响越大。冬季的影响比夏季大。这可能不是由于环境温度差异对健康的影响，而是由于冬季暴露在寒冷环境中的时间较长。通过Kraepelin试验估计，可能会对心理功能产生影响，为了建立适合在冷堆设施操作叉车的工人的工作条件，应考虑暴露于冷环境的健康影响，循环和心理功能以及暴露于冷环境激活的代谢。服装隔热性能的检测和工作管理的进展是在考虑对循环或心理功能的影响以及健康管理的基础上进行的。少

To clarify the effects of working inside and outside the cold storage warehouse on health of workers operating a forklift at a cold storage facility, A time-motion study was conducted and the change in the circulatory function was monitored with male workers in a preliminary survey. Based on its results, an experimental study was made in winter and in summer with male subjects occupationally unexposed to cold environments. Furthermore, the time-motion study was conducted and the changes in the circulatory and the psychological functions were monitored with male workers operating a forklift at a cold storage facility in a survey. We examined the relationship between working or insulated conditions and the changes in the circulatory or the psychological functions. The results are as follows :In the preliminary survey, the blood pressure was increased during the work inside and outside the cold storage warehouse. The increasing total time of staying in the cold storage warehouse lead to t … More he increasing adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations in blood, and the decreasing sublingual temperature. The increasing noradrenaline concentration in blood lead to the increasing blood pressure.In the experimental study, the systolic blood pressure and the noradrenaline concentration in blood were increased with increasing time of staying in the cold storage warehouse or decreasing clothing insulation. The decreased sublingual temperature was significantly larger as the time of staying in the cold storage warehouse was longer. These trends were more outstanding in winter than in summer. The Kraepelin test as the psychological function was not affected by the time of staying in the cold storage warehouse.In the survey, the mean total frequency of entering the cold storage warehouse in a day was 58 times in winter and 64 times in summer. It showed a large individual difference. The mean total time of staying in the cold storage warehouse was 4 hours and 33 minutes in winter and 7 hours and 4 minutes in summer. The symptom "coldness or pain in hands or legs" was complained with more than 60 - percent of workers both in winter and in summer. The blood pressure showed no difference between measured inside and outside the cold storage warehouse. The systolic blood pressure was higher in winter than in summer. The catecholamine concentrations in blood had the tendency to increase at the end of work than at the start of work. Their differences in summer were significant. The baseline concentrations were higher in winter than in summer. The sublingual temperature decreased at the end of work and its change was associated with the total time of staying in the cold storage warehouse. There was no clear relationship bet ween the total frequency of entering the cold storage warehouse and the change in the blood pressure or the catecholamine concentrations in blood.In summary, the work inside and outside the cold storage warehouse has effects on the circulatory functions, such as increasing blood pressure and catecholamine concentrations in blood and decreasing sublingual temperature. The effects are larger as total time in staying in the cold storage warehouse is longer. The effects are larger in winter than in summer. This may result from not the health effect of the difference in the environmental temperature, but longer exposure time to the cold environments in winter. There is a possible effect on the psychological function estimated by Kraepelin test.To establish the suitable working conditions for workers operating a forklift at the cold staorage facility, the circulatory and the psychological functions, as health effects of exposure to cold environments, should be considered as well as metabolism activated by the exposure to cold environments. The examination of the clothing insulation and progress of work administration are made with considering the effects on the circulatory or the psychological functions as well as health administration. Less