Effects of work inside and outside a cold storage on health-The basic study for establishing the suitable working conditions in the cold environments.

为了阐明在冷库仓库内外工作对冷库叉车操作工人健康的影响，进行了一项时间运动研究，并在初步调查中监测了男性工人循环功能的变化。在此基础上，分别在冬季和夏季对未暴露于寒冷环境中的男性受试者进行了实验研究。在此基础上，对冷库中操作叉车的男性工人进行了时间运动研究，并监测了其血液循环和心理功能的变化。我们研究了工作或绝缘条件与循环或心理功能变化之间的关系。结果表明：在初步调查中，冷库内外工作时血压升高。冷藏时间越长，血液中肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素浓度越高，舌下温度越低。血液中去甲肾上腺素浓度升高导致血压升高。在实验研究中，收缩压和血液中去甲肾上腺素浓度随冷库存放时间的延长或衣物保温度的降低而升高。在冷库中停留时间越长，舌下温度下降幅度越大。这些趋势在冬季比夏季更为突出。Kraepelin测试作为心理功能，不受冷库存放时间的影响。在调查中，每天进入冷库仓库的平均总次数冬季为58次，夏季为64次。它显示了很大的个体差异。冬季冷藏库的平均总停留时间为4小时33分钟，夏季为7小时4分钟。在冬季和夏季，超过60%的工人都抱怨有“手脚发冷或疼痛”的症状。在冷库内外测量的血压没有差异。冬季收缩压明显高于夏季。血液中的儿茶酚胺浓度在工作结束时比工作开始时有增加的趋势。它们在夏季的差异是显著的。冬季基线浓度高于夏季。舌下温度在工作结束时下降，其变化与冷库停留的总时间有关。进入冷库的总频率与血压或血液中儿茶酚胺浓度的变化之间没有明显的关系。综上所述，冷库仓库内外的工作对循环功能有影响，如血液中血压和儿茶酚胺浓度升高，舌下温度降低。在冷库中停留的总时间越长，影响越大。这种影响在冬季比夏季更大。这可能不是环境温度差异对健康的影响，而是冬季暴露在寒冷环境中的时间更长。Kraepelin试验可能对心理功能有影响。为在冷库设施中操作叉车的工人建立合适的工作条件，应考虑暴露在寒冷环境中对循环和心理功能的健康影响，以及暴露在寒冷环境中激活的新陈代谢。从对人体循环或心理功能的影响以及对健康管理的影响出发，对服装的保温和工作管理的进展进行了检查。少

To clarify the effects of working inside and outside the cold storage warehouse on health of workers operating a forklift at a cold storage facility, A time-motion study was conducted and the change in the circulatory function was monitored with male workers in a preliminary survey. Based on its results, an experimental study was made in winter and in summer with male subjects occupationally unexposed to cold environments. Furthermore, the time-motion study was conducted and the changes in the circulatory and the psychological functions were monitored with male workers operating a forklift at a cold storage facility in a survey. We examined the relationship between working or insulated conditions and the changes in the circulatory or the psychological functions. The results are as follows :In the preliminary survey, the blood pressure was increased during the work inside and outside the cold storage warehouse. The increasing total time of staying in the cold storage warehouse lead to t … More he increasing adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations in blood, and the decreasing sublingual temperature. The increasing noradrenaline concentration in blood lead to the increasing blood pressure.In the experimental study, the systolic blood pressure and the noradrenaline concentration in blood were increased with increasing time of staying in the cold storage warehouse or decreasing clothing insulation. The decreased sublingual temperature was significantly larger as the time of staying in the cold storage warehouse was longer. These trends were more outstanding in winter than in summer. The Kraepelin test as the psychological function was not affected by the time of staying in the cold storage warehouse.In the survey, the mean total frequency of entering the cold storage warehouse in a day was 58 times in winter and 64 times in summer. It showed a large individual difference. The mean total time of staying in the cold storage warehouse was 4 hours and 33 minutes in winter and 7 hours and 4 minutes in summer. The symptom "coldness or pain in hands or legs" was complained with more than 60 - percent of workers both in winter and in summer. The blood pressure showed no difference between measured inside and outside the cold storage warehouse. The systolic blood pressure was higher in winter than in summer. The catecholamine concentrations in blood had the tendency to increase at the end of work than at the start of work. Their differences in summer were significant. The baseline concentrations were higher in winter than in summer. The sublingual temperature decreased at the end of work and its change was associated with the total time of staying in the cold storage warehouse. There was no clear relationship bet ween the total frequency of entering the cold storage warehouse and the change in the blood pressure or the catecholamine concentrations in blood.In summary, the work inside and outside the cold storage warehouse has effects on the circulatory functions, such as increasing blood pressure and catecholamine concentrations in blood and decreasing sublingual temperature. The effects are larger as total time in staying in the cold storage warehouse is longer. The effects are larger in winter than in summer. This may result from not the health effect of the difference in the environmental temperature, but longer exposure time to the cold environments in winter. There is a possible effect on the psychological function estimated by Kraepelin test.To establish the suitable working conditions for workers operating a forklift at the cold staorage facility, the circulatory and the psychological functions, as health effects of exposure to cold environments, should be considered as well as metabolism activated by the exposure to cold environments. The examination of the clothing insulation and progress of work administration are made with considering the effects on the circulatory or the psychological functions as well as health administration. Less