Method and Effects of Training on Physical Fitness of Children with Mental Retardation

先前的研究报告称，智障儿童在体能测试中低于非智障儿童，但当提供适当的体能训练时，他们的进步虽然缓慢，但与非智障儿童相当。有一个特殊学校的孩子有明显高的耐力跑能力；大多数高中生都能跑完全程马拉松。本研究集中在这所特殊学校全年体育课程的有效性上。所有学生年龄在12岁至18岁之间，年龄在40岁以下，每周参加6天4公里的跑步计划，并参加体育课程，其中包括肌肉力量，柔韧性和平衡锻炼。有氧运动阶段的工作量以心率为基础进行评估。最后1公里跑步运动时的心率为165bpm ~ 180bpm，整个运动期间的平均值为150bpm。这些学生在体能测试（肌肉力量、耐力、力量、敏捷性和柔韧性）中表现出比另一所弱智儿童特殊学校的学生更高的能力。本研究清楚地表明，跑步计划对提高智力迟钝儿童的心血管健康和工作表现是有效的。

Previous studies have reported that mentally retarded children fall below their nomretarded peers on tests of physical fitness, but that when appropriate fitness training has provided, their progress, although slow, paralleled that of nonretarded. There is a special school children who have a markedly high abilities of endurance run ; most of the high school age students are able to complete full marathon. This study have been concentrated on the effectiveness of year-round physical education programs in this special school. All students, aged from 12 to 18, Os below 40, have participated in running program of 4 km six days a week, and they also have participated in physical education program in which muscle strength, flexibility and balance exercise were included. Workload in th aerobic phase of the exercise program were assessed based on heart rate. The heart rates during runnning exercise of last 1 km were from 165bpm to 180 bpm, with mean value of 150 bpm during whole exercise. The students showed higher abilities on the tests of physical fitness (muscle strength, endurance, , power, agility, and fiexibility) then the group of the other special school for mentally retarded children. This study clearly showed that a runnning program was effective in increasing cardiovascular fitness and work prformance of the children with mental retardation.