Syniheis and HIV capture activity of novel materials

HIV-1 gp120已被证明与一些凝集素有强烈的相互作用。因此，如果gp120和HIV-1病毒粒子被固定在某些材料上，它们有望被凝集素有效捕获。聚合物颗粒经常被用作固定生物分子的材料，如抗体和酶。其中，聚苯乙烯颗粒是非常有用的，因为单分散颗粒可以很容易地制备。采用聚苯乙烯与聚甲基丙烯酸叔丁基单体共聚和酸水解法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸包覆的聚苯乙烯纳米微球。所得纳米颗粒（平均直径400nm）在水中分散良好。采用水溶性碳二亚胺固定化刀豆蛋白A （cona）。在室温下孵育60分钟后，通过检测HIV-1悬浮液的gp120水平和病毒感染性的降低来确定Con -NSs与HIV-1的相互作用。Con a - nss在浓度为2和0.5 mg/ml的HIV-1 （III_B株）悬液中分别实现了3.3 log和2.2 log的病毒感染性降低。而不含Con A的纳米球，没有用Con A固定，在0.5 mg/ml的浓度下只减少了0.29 log。Con A-NSs （2 mg/ml）也能使III_B和HE菌株的gp 120水平分别低于对照的7.1和5.5%。Con a - ns处理和微孔膜过滤相结合，可有效去除无病毒颗粒gp120和HIV-1悬浮液中的感染性病毒颗粒。扫描电镜显示HIV-1病毒粒子被捕获在Con A-NSs表面。因此，Con a - nss可以高亲和力地捕获HIV-1病毒粒子和gp120，可能有潜力成为预防HIV-1传播的有效工具。

HIV-1 gp120 has been shown to strongly interact with some lectins. Thus, gp120 and HIV-1 virions are expected to be effectively captured by lectins if they are immobilized to certain materials. Polymeric particles are often used as a material for immobilization of biomolecules such as antibodies and enzymes. Among them, polystirene particles are quite useful, since monodispersed particles can be easily prepared. Polystirene nano-spheres (NSs) covered with poly (methacrylic acid) were prepared by copolymerization of stirene with poly (tert-butylmethacrylayte) macromonomer and acid hydrolysis. Resulting NSs (mean diameter : 400nm) were dispersed well in water. The immobilization of concanavalin A (Con A) was performed by using water soluble carbodiimide. The surface of the obtained NSs (Con A-NSs) was found to be fully covered with Con A.The interaction of Con A-NSs with HIV-1 was determined by the reduction of gp120 level and viral infectivity of HIV-1 suspensions after 60-min incubation at room tem-perature. Con A-NSs achieved a>3.3 log and a 2.2 log reduction of viral infectivity in HIV-1 (III_B strain) suspension at a concentration of 2 and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively. Whereas Con A-free nanospheres, which were not immobilized with Con A,achieved only a 0.29 log reduction at 0.5 mg/ml. Con A-NSs (2 mg/ml) could also reduce the gp 120 level off III_B and HE strains to < 7.1 and 5.5% of each control, respectively. The combination of Con A-NS treatment followed by filtration with a microporous membrane efficiently removed virion-free gp120 as well as infectious viral particles from HIV-1 suspension. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that HIV-1 virions were trapped on the surface of Con A-NSs. Thus, Con A-NSs can capture HIV-1 virions and gp120 with a high affinity and may have potential as an effective tool for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission.