Subjectivities of Owning Land (SoL): Land Redistribution and the Nation State in the Baltics Across the 20th Century

谁应该拥有土地的问题是地球仪社会、经济和政治制度的核心问题之一。对土地所有者来说，土地可以保证生存，也可以保证社会地位。另一方面，对现代国家来说，控制土地保有权（和农业生产）的能力越来越与国家主权联系在一起。土地再分配项目旨在通过塑造社会身份和为国家提供合法性来加深农村人口与国家之间的关系。因此，土地分配和土地改革在革命和政治动乱中起着至关重要的作用。因此，土地改革已成为民主化、经济赋权和社会融合的一项措施。拟议的项目SOL调查在何种程度上连续的土地再分配项目塑造了整个世纪波罗的海国家（爱沙尼亚，拉脱维亚和立陶宛）的历史，并有助于社会和国家之间的一个非常具体的关系。SOL将俄罗斯帝国崩溃后出现的两次世界大战之间的民族国家的土地改革，苏联解体后的苏联集体化和私有化纳入一个共同的框架。两次世界大战之间的土地改革和20世纪90年代的私有化在国家建设和融入新的国际秩序方面发挥了核心的政治和经济作用，而集体化对该地区的苏维埃化至关重要。SOL专注于两个时代的土地重新分配的高度变革性项目，通过跨学科的分析框架，侧重于主观性，以研究对社会的长期影响。它探讨了关于财产规范的未来的不确定性如何塑造土地重新分配的项目，土地重新分配如何改变自我，个人，家庭和性别角色，社区和社会的概念，从而塑造身份，但也忠诚。SOL旨在通过汇集波罗的海历史上领先的学术专业知识和独特的档案收藏，加强牧民研究所和伯明翰大学的战略伙伴关系。SOL将与波罗的海国家的项目合作伙伴密切合作。通过其复杂的转让战略，一系列讲习班和访问研究金，其成果将对广泛的学术学科和受众具有持续的意义。这项研究将由一个由两名PI、两名研究员和两名研究助理组成的团队进行。SOL将产生一个联合撰写的专著，一个单一撰写的专著和一系列的单一和共同撰写的文章以及研究数据出版物。

The issue of who should own land is one of the core questions across social, economic and political systems around the globe. For proprietors, land can guarantee subsistence, but also social status. For modern states, on the other hand, the ability to control land tenure (and agricultural production) has become increasingly linked to national sovereignty. Projects of land redistribution aim to deepen the relationship between the rural population and the state by shaping social identities and providing legitimacy to the state. For this reason, land distribution and land reform play a crucial role in revolutions and political upheavals. Land reforms have therefore become a measure of democratization, economic empowerment and social integration. The proposed project SOL investigates the extent to which successive projects of land redistribution have shaped the history of the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) throughout the 20th century and have contributed to a very specific relationship between society and state. SOL brings the land reforms of the interwar nation states that emerged after the collapse of the Russian Empire, Soviet collectivization and privatization after the breakup of the Soviet Union into a common frame The land reforms of the interwar period and privatization in the 1990s played a central political and economic role for state-building and for the integration into a new international order, while collectivization was crucial for the region’s Sovietization. SOL focuses on the highly transformative project of land redistribution of both eras through an interdisciplinary analytical framework that focuses on subjectivities to examine the long-term effects on societies. It examines how uncertainty concerning the future of property norms shaped projects of land redistribution, how land redistribution changed concepts of the self, individuals, families and gender roles, communities and societies, and thus shaped identities, but also loyalties. SOL aims to strengthen the strategic partnership of the Herder Institute and the University of Birmingham by bringing together leading academic expertise and unique archival collections on Baltic history. SOL will work closely with project partners in the Baltic States. Through its complex transfer strategy, a series of workshops and visiting fellowships, its outcomes will be of sustained significance for a broad range of scholarly disciplines and audiences. The research will be carried out by a team consisting of two PIs, two research fellows and two research assistants. SOL will result in a jointly-authored monograph, a single-authored monograph and a series of single- and co-authored articles as well as research data publication.