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Development of the defecation pacemaker using artificial muscle

人工肌肉排便起搏器的研制

基本信息

批准号：
08557075
负责人：
YOKOYAMA Jotaro
金额：
$ 1.92万
依托单位：
Keio University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08557075/
关键词：
intelligent gel artificial muscle anal sphincter colon rectum defecation sacral nerve fecal incontinence 大腸肛門運動神経刺激結腸直腸運動形状記憶ゲル Giant Migrating Contraction

项目摘要

1. Motility patterns of the colon and anorectum during spontaneous defecation.(1) Migration of giant contraction of the colon to the rectum (2) rectal relaxation-contraction sequence (3) anal sphincter relaxation play important roles during defecation.2. Responses of the colon and anorectum to the first or second sacral nerve electric stimulation(1) The colon shows contractions propagated distally. (2) The rectum isrelaxed or contracted. (3) The internal anal sphincter is relaxed. These responses are similar to the motility patterns observed during spontaneous defecation.3. Possibility of the intelligent gel as an artificial anal sphincter The intelligent gel is prepared by the radical polymerization of methylacrylate and stearylacrylate. It exhibits the reversible transition of mechanical properties by the change of temperature at 38ﾟC.While the modulus and elasticity of this gel is very high and low, respectively, at 35ﾟC, it can be extended highly by the low force at 40ﾟC.Namely the intelligent gel can show the similar mechanical behavior as the muscle. A tube shaped artificial anal sphincter 2.0 cm in diameter ; 2.0 cm long is made of the gel. The canine colon is pull through it. The giant contractions of the colon propel the fecal material and widen the artificial sphincter to evacuate it at a temperature 4OﾟC.The sphincter returns to the original shape when the colon is emptied. The contraction fails to widen the gel and the contents is not expelled at a temperature 35ﾟC.These findings suggest two possible systems to control defecation and to maintain continence.(1) The sacral nerve stimulator to induce defecation for the patients with central nervous system problems.(2) The pacemaker systems, which detect the giant contraction of the colon and heat the gel simultaneously for the patients who, loosed the function of the anorectum.

1.自发排便时结肠和肛门直肠的运动模式。(1)结肠巨大收缩向直肠的迁移（2）直肠舒张-收缩序列（3）肛门括约肌松弛在排便过程中起重要作用.第一次或第二次骶神经电刺激对结肠和肛门直肠的反应（1）结肠显示向远端传播的收缩。(2)直肠松弛或收缩。(3)肛门内括约肌放松。这些反应与自发排便时观察到的运动模式相似。智能凝胶作为人工肛门括约肌的可能性智能凝胶是由丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸硬脂酯自由基聚合而成。在35 ℃时，该凝胶的模量和弹性分别很高和很低，而在40 ℃时，它可以通过较小的力而高度伸展，即智能凝胶可以表现出与肌肉相似的力学行为。用该凝胶制成直径2.0cm、长2.0cm的管状人工肛门括约肌。狗的结肠被拉过它。结肠的巨大收缩推动粪便物质，并在40摄氏度的温度下扩大人造括约肌以排出粪便。当结肠排空时，括约肌恢复到原来的形状。在35摄氏度的温度下，收缩不能使凝胶变宽，内容物也不能排出。这些发现表明有两种可能的系统来控制排便和保持排便。(1)骶神经刺激器用于中枢神经系统疾病患者诱导排便。(2)起搏器系统，检测结肠的巨大收缩，同时为失去肛门直肠功能的患者加热凝胶。