A STUDY OF THE POLICY OF SPECIALIST SCHOOLS IN ENGLAND

这项研究具有双重目的。一是考察保守党政府推行的英国中等教育专业学校政策理念，并分析其实施过程。二是调查专业学校的实际情况。对于前者，首席调查员在查阅有关专业学校文献的基础上进行了研究，对于后者，他对技术学和语言学院进行了问卷调查。对于专业学校的理念，研究结果如下。政策制定者对学校教育做出了强有力的承诺，这有力地有助于经济发展。最早建立技术和语言学院的事实是显而易见的。他们希望这些专业学校将在培养21世纪举足轻重的人力方面发挥重要作用。但专业学校也被期望扮演一个非常即时的…。在提高英语中等教育教育水平方面发挥更重要的作用，制定了明确目标的三年发展计划。因此，新当选的政府决定保持专门学校本身的政策不变。然而，我们应该注意到，从学校融资不平等的角度来看，这一政策受到了批评。对于第二个目的，调查人员于1996年12月对181所专业学校的校长进行了问卷调查。在服务中，询问了转型到专科学校的目的、教师、学生、家长和LEA的态度、寻找赞助商和赞助商对学校事务、课程改革、招生政策和专科学校的未来的参与。有效率为51.9%。需要指出的几点是：1.许多校长利用这个机会来改善学校的财务状况。2.许多学校发现寻找赞助商非常困难，而且耗费时间和精力。3.几所学校改变了招生政策，从而显示出选择性招生的趋势。4.许多校长认为工党政府将继续实行专门学校政策。较少

This study has double purposes. The first is to investigate of the idea of specialist schools policy in English secondary education which has bee pursured by the Conservative government and also to analyze a process of its implementation. The second is to investigate actual conditions of specialist schools. Fro the former purpose the head investigator carried out a reseach basing on the literature concerning specialist schools, and for the latter one he carried out a questionnaire survey to tecnology and language colleges.As for the idea of specialist schools the following results came out. There is a strong commitment on the part of policy makers to the schooling strongly conducive to economic development. It is evident in the fact that technology and language colleges were set up at first. They expect that these specialist schools will play a great part in training human power which is to be bery impotant in the 21st century. But specialist schools are also expected to play a very im … More portant role in raising educational standard in English secondary education with a 3 year development plan in which clear targets are set. Thus newly elected government decided to keep the policy of specialist schools itself in this light. However we should note that there is a criticism toward the policy in terms of inequality in financing to schools.As for the second purpose the investigator cariied out questionnaire survey to headteachers to 181 specialist schools in December 1996. In the servey, purposes of transforming to specialist schools, attitudes of Teachers, pupils, parents and LEAs, finding sponsors and involvement of sponsors to school affairs, curriculum change, admission policy and future of specialist schools were asked. The response rate was 51.9%. Several points which are to be remarked are as follows : 1.Many headteachers took the opportunity as enhancing the financial condition of the school. 2.Many schools found sponsor finding very difficult and time and energy consuming. 3.Several schools changed their admission policy and thus indicating a tendency of selective admission. 4.Many headteachers thought that the Labor government would continue the specialist schools policy. Less