The Japanese political contact with the Guangxu Reform in China.

本文主要探讨盛宣怀在甲午战争后光绪(**)变法复杂的政治变革中的作用。人们普遍认为，政治改革运动因皇太后的拒绝而瓦解，在义和团起义后，皇太后改变了保守政策，同意对外国列强采取强硬立场。这种普遍看法是基于一种错误的看法，即在1898年“百日”之后的两年里，没有努力进行机构改革。晚清政治改革始于一项军事现代化计划，该计划已被日本击败。1895年的法令要求重新制定关税，这是中央政府财政重建的最重要政策。为了改变关税税率和增加税收，1899年秋开始了修改商业条约(《天津条约》)的外交谈判。后来，随着北中国义和团起义的爆发，盛宣怀参加了维护扬祖和中国东南沿海安全的外交谈判。这些谈判准备了1901年的国际议定书和修订关税税率的《麦凯条约》。通常的理解是，1901年光绪变法突然开始，但本文的分析表明，与汪闻韶(*)接触过的盛宣怀仔细地提出了变法方案。尤其值得注意的是，盛宣怀在1900年12月30日致汪闻韶的书信中，使用了比《光绪变法》早一个月制定变法计划的专有名词，并成为1901年以来光绪变法的关键词。笔者认为，盛宣怀提出设立商事管理人。

This paper focuses on the role of Sheng Xuanhuai *** in the complex political changes under the Guang Xu (**) Political Reform after the Sino-Japanese War in 1895. It is popularly understood that the Political Reform movement was broken down by the refusal of Empresses Dowager, who after the Boxer Uprising changed its conservative policy and agreed to take an unyieding stand against the foreign powers. The general view is based on the mistaken idea that there was no effort made at institutional reform during the two years following the "Hundred Days" of 1898.Political reform during the late Qing period began with a plan to modernize its military forces, which had been defeated by Japan. The edict of 1895, which required the reconstitution of tariffs, was the most important policy for the fiscal reconstruction of the central government. In order to change the tariff rate and increase revenue, diplomatic negotiations to revise the commercial treaty (Treaty of Tientsin, 1858) were begun in the fall of 1899. Then, as the Boxer Uprising broke out in North China, Sheng Xuanhuai took a part in diplomatic negotiations to maintain safety in Yangzu and South-east coast of China. These negotiations prepared the international protocol of 1901 and the Mackay Treaty, which revised tariff rates. It is the conventional understanding that the Guang Xu Political Reform was suddenly started in 1901 ; however, the analysis in this paper shows that Sheng Xuanhuai, who had contacted Wang Wenshao (***) , carefully presented the plan of Political Reform. Especially, it attracts our attention that Sheng Xuanhuai's telegram letter (30th Dec, 1900) to Wang Wenshao used the special term composing reform plans' one month earlier than the edict of Guang Xu Pplitical Reform, and became a key term of the Guang Xu Political Reform from 1901. The author shows that Sheng Xuanhuai proposed the establishment of an administrator for commerce.