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Local Politics and aduministration in transition

转型中的地方政治与行政管理

基本信息

批准号：
08620065
负责人：
SATOH Mitsuru
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Ritsumeikan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08620065/
关键词：
welfare policy local autonomy local administration administarative reform political reform communal attitude political atiitude

项目摘要

Inconclusion of this researth project, we were able to determine the following findings :1. In Japan, people think decentralization and promotion of welfare are compatible though theoretically it has been understood that tbese are incampatible. The reason why people in Japan think so is, firstly, present welfare policy is different from what used to be. Five decades ago, welfare was an arena in which recipients were very limited, but now it has been extended to include the general public. Though this reason is somewhat universal, the second one is more unique in the Japanese political context. In Japan, decentralization does not mean financial autonomy of local governments but onlv means more power to local governments to do the jobs shared by both center and periphery.2. In this context, the strategy of local governments is, market orientation, citizen participation and so called new public management.3. Through our survey research, we found that people in local cities and towns recognize the daily life support of the aged is the job of localities but they do not consider it is a politically important issue. But in the very near future, this problem will become one of the most relevantissues.4. The Swedish case of introduction of non-profit organizations into welfare provides a potential example fur future welfare policy of Japan.5. In the policy formation process of welfare, the universal values of liberty, justice and equality interact with each other in a complicated manner.6. We stund the process of administrative reform and decentralization now in progress in Japan and concluded that the lack of political leadership in Japan will make this reforme and decentralization difficult to accomplish.

在这个研究项目的结论，我们能够确定以下发现：1。在日本，人们认为权力下放和促进福利是相容的，尽管理论上已经理解这两者是不相容的。日本人之所以这么认为，首先是因为现在的福利政策与过去不同。50年前，福利是一个接受者非常有限的领域，但现在它已经扩大到包括普通公众。虽然这个原因在某种程度上是普遍的，但第二个原因在日本的政治背景下更为独特。在日本，分权并不意味着地方政府的财政自治，而只是意味着地方政府有更多的权力去做中心和外围共同分担的工作。在这种背景下，地方政府的策略是：市场导向、公民参与，即所谓的新公共管理。通过我们的调查研究，我们发现地方城镇居民认识到老年人的日常生活保障是地方的工作，但他们不认为这是一个重要的政治问题。但在不久的将来，这个问题将成为最重要的问题之一。瑞典将非营利组织引入福利的案例为日本未来的福利政策提供了一个潜在的范例。在福利政策的形成过程中，自由、正义、平等等普世价值以复杂的方式相互作用。我们看到日本目前正在进行的行政改革和权力下放进程，并得出结论认为，日本缺乏政治领导将使这一改革和权力下放难以完成。