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The Structure of the modern German Companies

现代德国公司的结构

基本信息

批准号：
08630034
负责人：
TANAKA Yoko
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
Tsukuba University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08630034/
关键词：
Germany Big Company Bank Trade Union Mitbestimmuny Haus Bank Share holden Corporate Governance コ-ポレート・ガバナンスコ-ポレート・ガヴァナンス

项目摘要

It was widely recognized that the main characteristics of the Japanese Corporate Governance system were, (1)Keiretsu system among the Japanense big companies, (2)main bank system with long-term mutual trust, and (3)the existence of the stable shareholders, which was enabled through the mutual holding of the mutual shares. This stability was said to be the reason why the Japanese managers have kept their strong leaderships and accomplished the rapid, energetic growth after the War. Compared to the sytem of the United States or England, this system seemed to be very unique to Japan, and some have discussed that this was due to the Japanese originality. But as a fact, it was not a Japanese original.In Germany, in a little bit different way, they have created a very strong stable system, which could said to be somehow more powerful than the Japanese one. In Germany, there are not definite Keiretsu system like Japan, but still there is a long-term system of the mutual holding of the the mutual shares among the big companies like Japan. At the center of the mutual shareholding, there are some big banks and insurance companies, called as 'Haus Bank' system which has functioned as a core for the stability. To a surprise, the big banks and the big insurance companies have developed a mutual shareholding system in themselves, too. The shares of these companies were held one after another, making a ring. It could be said that this system was pretty near to a kind of cartel, and therfore the stability of the whole German industrial society was kept through the stable Ring at the heart of the German economies.

日本公司治理制度的主要特征是：（1）日本大公司间的经连会制度;（2）长期相互信赖的主银行制度;（3）通过相互持股实现的稳定股东的存在。这种稳定性被认为是战后日本管理者保持其强有力的领导并实现快速、充满活力的增长的原因。与美国或英国的制度相比，这一制度似乎是日本独有的，有人认为这是由于日本的独创性。但事实上，它并不是日本的原创。在德国，以稍微不同的方式，他们创造了一个非常强大的稳定系统，可以说在某种程度上比日本的更强大。在德国，虽然不像日本那样有明确的经连会制度，但也存在着像日本那样的大公司间相互持股的长期制度。在相互持股的中心，有一些大的银行和保险公司，被称为“豪斯银行”系统，这是稳定的核心。令人惊讶的是，大银行和大保险公司也发展了相互持股制度。这些公司的股份，一个接一个的被持有，连成一片。可以说，这个体系非常接近于一种卡特尔，因此，整个德国工业社会的稳定是通过德国经济核心的稳定环来保持的。