INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY FORMATION IN THE PHILIPPINES AND THE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FROM JAPANESE SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZE ENTERPRISES

在亚洲经济全球化的背景下，菲律宾进一步工业化需要在支撑产业中形成技术。近年来，菲律宾出口电子产业发展迅速，需要进一步发展具有精密零件制造能力的配套产业。越来越多的日本中小企业(SMEs)来做这个行业的生意。一般来说。组装制造商(特别是日本跨国公司)从日本供应商那里采购精密零件，从菲律宾供应商那里采购普通零件(主要是金属和塑料)。因此，精密工程和精密模具方面的技术转移对于菲律宾供应商的进一步发展是不可或缺的。然而，在这一领域没有实质性的技术转让。大多数菲律宾供应商由于技术水平低，加上有资金购买昂贵的精密工程机械，没有足够的能力进行技术转让。最近，在菲律宾从事精密工程的日本中小企业的数量正在增加。因此，通过它们进行技术转让的可能性越来越大。技术转移有两种途径，一种是通过菲律宾和日本供应商的合资企业，另一种是通过在菲律宾的日本工厂对菲律宾工人进行在职培训。为了加快技术转移，需要两国政府的私人合作和公共支持，例如公共技术培训中心，对菲律宾供应商的财政支持等。对菲律宾人的在职培训可能对技术转移非常有用，但我们应该注意如何培训他们。因为日本和菲律宾在劳动力市场和劳动力理念上存在一些差异。

There needed Technology Formation in the supporting industry for further industrialization in the Philippines in the midst of the globalization in Asian Economy. Recently the electronics industry for export is growing rapidly in the Philippines and it needs the further development of supporting industry which has the capability of producing precision parts. More Japanese medium and small size enterprises (SMEs) have come to do the business in this industry. Generally speaking. the assembly makers (specifically Japanese TNCs) are sourcing precision parts from Japanese suppliers and plain parts (mainly metal and plastic) from Filipino suppliers in the Philippines. So, the technology transfer in the precision engineering and precision mold is indispensable for the further development of Filipino suppliers. however there is no substantial technology transfer in this area. Most of the Filipino suppliers do not have enough capability to the technical transfer because of their low technology and luck of the fund for the expensive machinery for precision engineering.Recently the number of Japanese SMEs engaged in precision engineering in the Philippines is increasing. So the possibility of technology transfer through them is growing. There are two routes of technology transfer, one is through the joint ventures betwwen Filipino and Japanese suppliers and the other is through on-job training for the Filipino workers in Japanese factories in the Philippines.In order to accelerate the technology transfer, there needed the private cooperation and also the public support from the both Govenments, for example, for the public technical training center, the financial support for the Filipine suppliers and etc. The on-job training for the Filipino might be very useful for the technology transfer, however we should be careful how to train them. because there are some differentiation in the labor market and labor philosophy between in Japan and the Philippines.