Biomechanics on the mechanical adaptation of biological tissues and its applications to engineering

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1.The in vivo force applied to the patellar tendon (PT) of rat during treadmill running was measured using an implantable force transducer. The transducer consisted of a slightly curved stainless steel plate on which a strain gauge was bonded. The mean peak force during running at the speed of 0.6km/h on a level was 11.3N and the peak stress was 6MPa. The mean peak force increased by 22% with increase in the speed from 0.6 to 1.0km/h, but the increase was not significant. There were no significant differences in the peak force among level running and inclined running on the slopes of 15 and 30 degrees.2.After running at 0.6km/h on a level, rats were sacrificed and tensile tests were performed on their PTs. There were no significant differences in the dimensions and mechanical properties. These results indicate that the cyclic loading of the peak force of 11.3 N (the peak stress of 6 MPa) did not change the mechanical properties of PT.3.The cyclic load was applied to rat patellar tendon in vitro. The mechanical strength was unchanged by the loading of the peak stress of 9 MPa but significantly decreased by that of 10.5 MPa. These values of peak stress were 1.5 and 1.75 times of that applied to the PT of rat during running at 0.6 km/h on a level, respectively.