Studies on fruit ripening on the vine and after harvest in kiwifruit

猕猴桃果实在藤上和收获后成熟的研究

• 批准号: 08660023
• 负责人: MATSUI Hiroyuki
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: Chiba University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08660023/
• 关键词: kiwifruit; Actinidia deliciosa; fruit ripening on the vine; ethephon; ethylene; gibberellin

Effects of ethephon application on the fruit ripening of 'Hayward' kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) on the vine were investigated.When 200 ppm ethephon (dissolved with 50% ethanol) was applied at approximately 1-week interval prior to commercial harvest, the 4- and 3-week treatments made the fruits edible. On the other hand, 50% ethanol application was ineffective on fruit ripening. When ethephon was applied at various concentrations 3 weeks before commercial harvest, the 50 and 100 ppm treatments were ineffective on fruit ripening, whereas the 500 ppm treatment hastened fruit ripening more than 200 ppm treatment.In the next year, when fruits were treated with 200 ppm ethephon, they did not ripen as they did in the previous year. We attribute the difference to the lower air temperature and shorter duration of sunshine during this year experiments. From above results, we postulated that the air temperature and duration of solar radiation after ethephon application strongly affect the kiwifruit ripening on the vine.So effects of higher concentration of ethephon on the fruit ripening on the vine were investigated in detail. When 500 ppm of ethephon was applied about 3 weeks before commercial harvest, the fruit became edible about 2 weeks after treatment. But the fruits started to drop strongly about 2 weeks after treatment. And these effects of the treatment did not varied with the year. 500 ppm treatment effectively induced ethylene synthesis by fruits, but it seems that fruit ripening on the vine by the ethephon application is mainly promoted by ethylene produced from ethephon, because fruits immediately started to ripe after treatment.On the other hand, when 500 ppm ethephon was applied with 100 ppm GA_3, the fruit became edible and fruit drop was strongly prevented. It seems that effects of this application method are more stable and effective on the fruit ripening on the vine.

研究了乙烯利施用对藤蔓上“海沃德”猕猴桃（Actinidia deliciosa）果实成熟的影响。在商业收获前每隔约 1 周施用 200 ppm 乙烯利（溶解于 50% 乙醇）时，经过 4 周和 3 周的处理后，果实可食用。另一方面，施用50%乙醇对果实成熟无效。当在商业收获前3周施用不同浓度的乙烯利时，50和100 ppm处理对果实成熟无效，而500 ppm处理比200 ppm处理加速果实成熟。第二年，当用200 ppm乙烯利处理果实时，它们没有像上一年那样成熟。我们将这种差异归因于今年实验中气温较低和日照时间较短。根据以上结果，我们推测施用乙烯利后的气温和太阳辐射持续时间对猕猴桃在蔓上的成熟影响很大。因此，详细研究了较高浓度的乙烯利对蔓上猕猴桃成熟的影响。当在商业收获前约 3 周施用 500 ppm 乙烯利时，果实在处理后约 2 周即可食用。但治疗后约两周，果实开始急剧下降。而且这些治疗效果并没有随年份的变化而变化。 500 ppm的处理有效地诱导了果实的乙烯合成，但似乎乙烯利施用在藤上的果实成熟主要是由乙烯利产生的乙烯促进的，因为处理后果实立即开始成熟。另一方面，当500 ppm的乙烯利与100 ppm的GA_3一起施用时，果实变得可食用并且强烈防止落果。看来这种施用方法对葡萄树上的果实成熟效果更加稳定和有效。

项目成果

小原 均: "エセフォン処理がキウイフルーツ‘ヘイワード'果実の樹上成熟に及ぼす影響" 園芸学会雑誌. 66・2. 273-281 (1997)

Hitoshi Ohara：“乙烯利处理对猕猴桃Hayward果实树栖成熟的影响”日本园艺学会杂志66・2（1997）。