Antimicrobial coumarins and proteins to functionalizing the leaf surface for plant protection

抗菌香豆素和蛋白质使叶表面功能化以保护植物

• 批准号: 528343185
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Uwe Conrath
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehr- und Forschungsgebiet Biochemie und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/528343185?language=en
• 关键词: Antimicrobial; coumarins; proteins; functionalizing; leaf

Soybean is one of the most important crops worldwide. Its major disease is Asian soybean rust (SBR) that is caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi. In the major soybean-growing areas (Brazil, Argentina, and the USA), SBR causes annual yield losses of several billion Euros a year. Resistant elite varieties of the soybean are not available and cultivation practices as well as chemical or biological control measures ineffective, expensive, or potentially harmful. Therefore, alternative measures for SBR control are needed. We previously showed that the effective nonhost resistance of sunflower and Arabidopsis to SBR could be due to the accumulation of scopoletin. The coumarin effectively inhibits the germination of P. pachyrhizi spores. Scopoletin, however, seems to be absent from soybean. Reconstituting scopoletin biosynthesis in transgenic soybean plants slightly reduced the susceptibility to SBR. But, high scopoletin concentrations damaged the plants. We, therefore, would like to transfer the nonhost resistance of sunflower to soybean by secreting scopoletin to the leaf surface to effectively fight P. pachyrhizi spores without harming the plant. We intend to do the same for isoscopoletin, that in contrast to other coumarins is very stable in the light and effectively fights P. pachyrhizi spores. In addition, we aim to reconstitute the biosynthesis of sideretin in transgenic plants and investigate its mode of action. Finally, in a complementary approach we would like to synthesize and secrete to the leaf surface antimicrobial proteins that contribute to sunflower nonhost resistance to SBR. Soybean plants that surface-accumulate antimicrobial coumarins and/or proteins are promising for sustainable worldwide soybean production.

大豆是世界上最重要的农作物之一。其主要病害是亚洲大豆锈病（SBR），由真菌豆薯层锈菌引起。在主要大豆种植区（巴西、阿根廷和美国），SBR 每年造成数十亿欧元的产量损失。尚无抗性优良大豆品种，栽培方法以及化学或生物控制措施无效、昂贵或有潜在危害。因此，需要采取替代的 SBR 控制措施。我们之前表明，向日葵和拟南芥对SBR的有效非寄主抗性可能是由于东莨菪素的积累所致。香豆素有效抑制豆薯赤霉孢子的萌发。然而，大豆中似乎不存在东莨菪素。在转基因大豆植物中重建东莨菪素生物合成略微降低了对SBR的敏感性。但是，高浓度的东莨菪素会损害植物。因此，我们希望通过向叶表面分泌东莨菪素，将向日葵的非寄主抗性转移到大豆上，以有效对抗豆薯孢子而不伤害植物。我们打算对 isoscopoletin 做同样的事情，与其他香豆素相比，它在光下非常稳定，并且能有效对抗豆薯 P. pachyrhizi 孢子。此外，我们的目标是在转基因植物中重建铁黄素的生物合成并研究其作用模式。最后，在一种补充方法中，我们希望合成并向叶表面分泌抗菌蛋白，这些蛋白有助于向日葵非寄主对 SBR 的抗性。表面积累抗菌香豆素和/或蛋白质的大豆植物有望实现全球大豆可持续生产。