A Positive Study on Parents' Request and Infants' Demand regarding Chidcare System

父母要求和婴儿对儿童保育制度的需求实证研究

• 批准号: 08680010
• 负责人: OTAKI Midori
• 金额: $ 1.66万
• 依托单位: Joetsu University of Education
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08680010/
• 关键词: temporary child-care; mother-child separation; longitudinal study; infants; parents; attachment behavior; 乳児; 幼児; 親和行動; 探索行動; 保育者; 父親; 母親; 分離不安; 親; サーモトレーサ; 顔面皮膚温度; ハートレート; 母子再会; 保育要求

One of the purposes of this study was to find out the parents-child separation influence over the infants life which the infants experienced when their parents utilized the temporary childcare system introduced by the government in order to satisfy parents temporary childcare demand, The other was to find out how well the parents who actually utilize the system understood and evaluated it.Though individual difference was quite large, the face surface temperature of the subject infants was also influenced by the factors accompanied with mother-child separation, such as anxiety. However, it has to be analyzed further more what really causes the temperature change since it is influenced drastically by the emotional state of the infant such as crying.The infants emotional experience was speculated based on the time lag from when they saw their mothers till. they actually responded to them by shoving attachment behavior. It was found that the infants stress caused by mother-child separation experience was alleviated as they grew older since attachment behavior to mother was shown significantly earlier among 1-year-olds than a few-year-olds and the continuation time was significantly shortened as they grew older as well, On the other hand, it was suggested that the presence of others was effective to alleviate the infants stress caused by mother-child separation as their attachment behavior to others was shown though, of course, significantly later than to mothers at any age.There were significantly more mothers than fathers who had affirmative view towards the temporary childcare system and significantly more fathers had negative view, which was caused by how well the system was understood, The difference between mothers and fathers opinions on childcare was revealed apparently ; mothers evaluated home-child-care compensation significantly lower than fathers, mothers preferred younger-age-start of the temporary childcare system than fathers.

本研究的目的之一是了解婴儿在父母为满足父母临时托育需求而实施临时托育制度时，所经历的亲子分离对婴儿生活的影响，另一个目的是了解实际使用临时托育制度的父母对临时托育制度的理解和评价，虽然个体差异较大，受试婴儿的面部表面温度也受到伴随母子分离的因素如焦虑的影响。然而，由于婴儿的情绪状态（如哭泣）对温度变化有很大的影响，因此还需要进一步分析温度变化的真正原因。婴儿的情绪体验是根据他们看到母亲的时间延迟推测的。他们实际上是通过推动依恋行为来回应的。研究发现，随着年龄的增长，婴儿对母亲的依恋行为在1岁时比几岁时显着提前，并且随着年龄的增长，持续时间显着缩短，因此母子分离经历引起的婴儿压力随着年龄的增长而减轻。有人认为，他人的存在可以有效缓解婴儿因母子分离而产生的压力，因为他们对他人的依恋行为表现出来，当然，对临时托育制度持肯定态度的母亲显著多于父亲，持否定态度的父亲显著多于母亲，这与对临时托育制度的了解程度有关，父母对临时托育制度的看法存在明显差异;母亲对家庭儿童保育补偿的评价明显低于父亲，母亲比父亲更喜欢临时儿童保育系统的开始年龄。