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DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL MATERIALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENERGY SUPPLY GLOBAL CARBON DIOXIDE RECYCLING

环境保护和能源供应全球二氧化碳回收新材料的开发

基本信息

批准号：
10355027
负责人：
ASAMI Katsuhiko
金额：
$ 17.39万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We are proposing a CO_2 recycling system for preventing global warming caused by CO_2 emissions in conjunctions with development of human activities. The system consists of methanation of CO_2 which are recovered at fuel consumers sites such as power plants. Methanation needs highly active catalysts and hydrogen which can be obtained from seawater electrolysis using solar energy. To substantiate this system in global scale, we need to develop low cost catalysts and electrode with high efficiency for hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions at seawater electrolysis. The objectives of this investigation are to develop such new catalysts and electrode substances.Comparison between Ni-Mo and Ni-Mo-O alloy electrodes fabricated on Ni substrate showed existence of small amount of O imparts both higher activity for hydrogen evolution reaction and higher durability. Another electrode candidate was Ni-Fe-C alloy system. It showed almost no increase in hydrogen overpotential even after accelerating test for two years at a high current density of 50,000 A/m^2. It was also stable and suffered no corrosion even after repeated stoppage of electrolysis in a concentrated NaOH solution at high temperature.For the first time in the world, we have succeeded in preparation of electrodes with 100 % oxygen evolution efficiency for seawater electrolysis using MnO_2 type oxide electrode installed on titanium substrate. It was also found combined addition of Mo and W was more effective for selective oxygen evolution at seawater electrolysis and we were able to reduce electrolysis voltage successfully.Moreover, we found methanation catalysts prepared from amorphous Ni-Zr alloys had high activity sfpr methanation. We have also succeeded in develop more active catalyst using amorphous Ni-Zr-Sm alloys as precursors of the catalysts. It was clarified that samarium stabilize tetragonal phase of zirconia on which dispersion of Ni particles were also enhanced.

我们提出了一个CO_2回收系统，以防止因CO_2排放与人类活动的发展而导致的全球变暖。该系统由 CO_2 的甲烷化组成，CO_2 在发电厂等燃料消耗场所回收。甲烷化需要高活性的催化剂和氢气，氢气可以利用太阳能通过海水电解获得。为了在全球范围内证实这一系统，我们需要开发低成本的催化剂和电极，用于海水电解中的析氢和析氧反应。本研究的目的是开发此类新型催化剂和电极材料。在Ni基体上制造的Ni-Mo和Ni-Mo-O合金电极的比较表明，少量O的存在赋予了更高的析氢反应活性和更高的耐用性。另一种候选电极是Ni-Fe-C合金系统。即使在50,000 A/m^2的高电流密度下加速试验两年，氢过电位也几乎没有增加。即使在高温浓NaOH溶液中反复停止电解，也很稳定，不会发生腐蚀。我们在世界上首次使用安装在钛基体上的MnO_2型氧化物电极，成功制备了用于海水电解的析氧效率为100％的电极。还发现Mo和W的联合添加对于海水电解中的选择性析氧更有效，并且我们能够成功地降低电解电压。此外，我们发现由非晶Ni-Zr合金制备的甲烷化催化剂具有高活性sfpr甲烷化。我们还成功地使用非晶态 Ni-Zr-Sm 合金作为催化剂前驱体开发了活性更高的催化剂。明确了钐使氧化锆的四方相稳定，同时也增强了Ni颗粒的分散。