Genetic studies on the cultivation processes of common buckwheat

普通荞麦栽培过程的遗传研究

• 批准号: 10460005
• 负责人: OHNISHI Ohmi
• 金额: $ 0.38万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10460005/
• 关键词: Common buckwheat; wild ancestor; non-shattering habit gene; AFLP; domestication; アロザイム; RAPD; 系統類縁関係

The shatterring-nonshatterring habit of common buckwheat is controlled by a single locus (sht). The wild ancestor of common buckwheat, F. esculentum ssp. ancestrale is dominant homozygote Sht/Sht and cultivars are recessive homozygotes sht/sht and show the non-shattering habit. Since natural populations of the wild ancestor is heterostylous outcrossing, they maintain cultivation specific non-shattring allele sht at low frequency (the highest 3% in the Yanyuan population of Sichuan province). These non-shattering habit gene is believed to be utilized at the time of domestication. F. homodtropicum, another wild species closely related to common buckwheat, is a selffertilizing species, hence intuitively it seems to be domesticated more easily. However, this species does not maintain a non-shattering habit gene in populations, hence have not have a chance to be domesticated.AFLP analyses of cultivated and wild subspecies of common buckwheat revealed that the natural populations of the wild ancestor from eastern Tibet are most closely related to cultivated land races. This probably implies that eastern Tibet as well as northwestern Yunnan must be considered as a candidate of birth place of common buckwheat.

荞麦的碎粒-不碎粒习性受单基因座控制。普通荞麦的野生祖先F.番茄亲本为显性纯合子Sht/Sht，品种为隐性纯合子Sht/Sht，表现不落粒性。由于野生祖先的自然群体是异柱异交的，所以它们保持了低频率的栽培特异性非破碎等位基因sht（四川盐源群体中最高为3%）。这些非破碎习性基因被认为是在驯化时被利用的。F.另一个与普通荞麦密切相关的野生种homodtropicum是一个自交种，因此直观上它似乎更容易驯化。对栽培荞麦和野生荞麦亚种的AFLP分析表明，西藏东部野生荞麦的自然群体与栽培荞麦的亲缘关系最近。这可能意味着西藏东部和云南西北部必须考虑作为普通荞麦的原产地候选。

项目成果

Ohnishi,O.: "Non-shattering habit gene(sht), chlorophyII-deficient and other detrimental genes concealed in natural populations of the wild ancestor of common buckwheat"Fagopyrum. 16. 23-28 (1999)

Ohnishi,O.：“普通荞麦野生祖先”Fagopyrum 的自然群体中隐藏着非粉碎习性基因 (sht)、叶绿素 II 缺乏和其他有害基因。

Ohnishi, O.: "Non-shattering habit gene (sht), chlorophyll-deficient and other detrimental genes concealed in natural populations of the wild ancestor of common buckwheat"Fagopyrum. Vol.16. 23-28 (1999)

Ohnishi, O.：“普通荞麦野生祖先”Fagopyrum 的自然种群中隐藏着非破坏性习性基因 (sht)、叶绿素缺乏和其他有害基因。

Ohnishi O.: "Non-shattering habit gene (sht), chlorophyll-deficient and other detrimental genes concealed in natural populations of the wild ancestor of common buckwheat"Fagopyrum. 16. 23-28 (1999)

Ohnishi O.：“普通荞麦野生祖先”Fagopyrum 的自然群体中隐藏着不破碎的习性基因（sht）、叶绿素缺乏和其他有害基因。

Ohnishi,O.: "Search for the wild ancestor of buckwheat. III.The wild ancestor of cultivated common buckwheat,and of tatary buckwheat." Economic Botany. 52 No.2. 123-133 (1998)

Ohnishi,O.：“寻找荞麦的野生祖先。III.栽培普通荞麦和鞑靼荞麦的野生祖先。”