Identification of adipose-specific genes and teir clinical significance

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Accumulation of excess body fat has become a common basis for the development of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and atherosclerotic vascular diseases (AVD). Body fat distribution is a independent r the risk for above diseases. Deposition of intra-abdominal viscreal fat rather than subcutaneous fat closely relates to the development of NIDDM and AVD. The aim of this study is to clarify the biological difference between subcutaneous and visceral fat tissues and to apply the data to clinical medicine.By the comparison of the gene expression profiles of subcutaneous and visceral fat tissues, subcutaneous fat has been revealed predominantly to express "static" genes for the proteins maintaining fundamental cellular functions including ribosomal protein and cytoskeleton proteins. On the other hand, visceral fat predominantly expressed the genes for a variety of secretory proteins with biological activities.We focused on two genes, that is, adiponectin, which was obtained by … More a large-scale-random sequencing of adipose-tissue cDNA library and clone 085, which was isolated by diferential display technique. Adiponectin is plasma protein specifically produced and secreted from adipose tisuue. Plasma levels of adiponectin, however, decreased in the obese subjects, especially those with visceral fat accumulation. Marked reduction of plasma adiponectin concentration was observed in he patients with coronary artey disease compaired with BMI-matched conrols. Therefore, decreased plasma adponectin has been proven to be a potential risk for coronary artery disease. The proein showed anti-atherogenic properties, including suppresion of monocyte-adhesion to endothelial cells and proliferation of vascular diseases.The product of clone 085 belonged to hematopoietic factors The expression of mRNA for clone 085 increased in visceral fat during the development of obesity. Plasma levels of clone 085 products increased in paralel with the amount of visceral fat in mice. In humans, plasma 085 level was closely correlated with the amount of visceral fat but not with subcutaneous fat.In this study, we investigated in the visceral fat derived factors. The measurement of plasma levels of these visceral fat derived factors will be a clue for understanding the pathogenesis of diseases accompanied by visceral fat obesity. Less