Disaster Management Using Risk-Adaptive Regional Management Information System (RARMIS)

通过阪神- awaji（神户）地震灾害及其后续活动中开发防灾GIS的经验，明确了对GIS的需求至少可以分为三类：(1)第一类是基于最大限度地整合区域详细地理历史（时间）信息的数据进行区域分析和决策。这种类型的GIS可以为国家或地方政府的需求提供解决方案。(2)第二类为一般公众使用，如代替纸质地图使用。对数据的要求主要是地理对象的位置，这些地理对象是第一类GIS数据的子集，如服务信息主要是由未指定的人员和系统收集的属性，必须简单。(3)第三种类型的GIS是用于特殊用途的GIS，如汽车导航系统，其功能要求几乎确定，其中紧凑性，效率和成本是重要的。在此基础上，明确了基于风险适应性区域管理信息系统（RARMIS）概念的信息系统是灾害信息管理不可或缺的工具。已经开发了一个原型GIS DiMSIS-EX作为一个与RARMIS概念一致的系统。

Through the experience of developing GIS for disaster prevention under the Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake disaster and activities following, it was made clear that requirements for GIS can be divided into at least 3 categories : (1) The first type is for regional analysis and decision-making based on data integrating detailed geographical historical (temporal) information of a refion to the maximum extent. This type of GIS can give solutions for national or local government requirements. (2) The second type is for general public use such as to use instead of paper map. Requirement of data is mainly positions of geographic objects which are subsets of the first type of GIS data and such as service information mainly as attributes which are gathered by unspecified people and system has to be simple. (3) The third type of GIS is for special purposed GIS such as car navigation systems of which functional requirements are almost finalized, where compactness, efficiency, and cost are important.On this basis, it was made clear that information systems based on the concept of Risk-Adaptive Regional Management Information System (RARMIS) is and indispensable tool for disaster information management. A prototype GIS DiMSIS-EX has been developed as a system to be consistent with the RARMIS concept.