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Work Analysis for White Collar Based on Job-Relevant Knowledge and Work Processes

基于工作相关知识和工作流程的白领工作分析

基本信息

批准号：
10480087
负责人：
ITOH Kenji
金额：
$ 2.94万
依托单位：
Tokyo Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10480087/
关键词：
White Collar Job-Relevant Knowledge Work Process Work Analysis Support Tool Eye-Movement Analysis Technical Work Job Redesign 広告評価ホワイトカラー生産性分析ツール知識有効度

项目摘要

The objectives of the present project is to develop methodologies on work analysis of white collar and its supporting tool. In this study, the proposed methodology as well as the tool were applied to several real jobs such as product design, R ＆ D, facility design and production control. We performed work analyses of these jobs for the purpose of job re-design to improve their productivity. The following outcomes were obtained by the present project for the last three years :(1)A methodology for analysing white collar work was proposed specifically focused on job-relevant knowledge and job-flow. In this methodology, job-relevant knowledge is classified into six categories in terms of job requirements that are connecting to content and context of a particular work. Effectiveness of knowledge that an employee possesses is rated in five point scale from the aspect of how to work with the knowledge piece. The proposed methodology also includes analyses of knowledge dependency, i.e., what c … More ondition the knowledge depends on, and of knowledge applicability, i.e., when the knowledge is/was/will be applicable to one's job. Employing this methodology, knowledge sets relevant to a variety of jobs were identified.(2)In-depth case studies were performed for two different jobs, i.e., facility design and production control, applying the work analysis methodology mentioned in (1). In these case studies, the proposed methodology allows us to uncover work processes and employees' knowledge for these jobs. A clear correlation was also found between knowledge effectiveness and some productivity measurements such as amount of annual treatment of design and the number of projects having leadership.(3)A prototype of work analysis tool which supports the proposed methodology mentioned in (1) was developed using a general-purpose spreadsheet software, Excel.(4)The above-mentioned tool was applied to several jobs to examine its usefulness in work analysis and to acquire several points for its further improvement.(5)A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to elicit factors of violating white collar productivity. The questionnaire was distributed to all the white collar employees working within a big manufacturing firm in Japan. The factors were acquired by the principal component analysis applying responded data both on the efficiency and the job-quality questions.(6)As a complementary approach of the methodology mentioned in (1), we presented an EMR (eye-movement recording) approach to work analysis. This approach was applied to analysis of driving task of the bullet train and of cognitive behavior during watching TV commercials (CM's). As results of these applications, we identified e.g., differences in cognitive processes between the designer's intention and the viewer's actual watching patterns. Effects of CM design parameters on the viewer's watching patterns were also uncovered employing the EMR approach. In the bullet train application, we evaluated a new interface design of train coclkpit and presented several implications of this approach to its actual design practices.(7)As summary of the present project, we presented guidelines of job design and redesign of white collar professions based on the results obtained in this study. In particular, we proposed a user-centred approach as a new paradigm for job design, and examined this approach by a case study. Less

本项目的目标是开发白色领工作分析方法及其支持工具。在本研究中，所提出的方法以及工具应用到几个真实的工作，如产品设计，研发，设备设计和生产控制。我们对这些工作进行了工作分析，以重新设计工作，提高他们的生产力。本项目在过去三年中取得了以下成果：（1）提出了一种分析白色领工作的方法，特别侧重于工作相关知识和工作流。在这种方法中，与工作相关的知识被分为六个类别的工作要求，连接到特定的工作内容和上下文。员工所拥有的知识的有效性是从如何使用知识的角度进行五点评分。拟议的方法还包括分析知识依赖性，即，什么C ...更多信息知识所依赖的条件和知识的适用性，即，当知识是/曾经是/将是适用于一个人的工作。采用这一方法，确定了与各种工作有关的知识集。（2）对两种不同的工作进行了深入的案例研究，即，设施设计和生产控制，应用（1）中提到的工作分析方法。在这些案例研究中，所提出的方法使我们能够揭示这些工作的工作流程和员工的知识。一个明确的相关性，也发现了知识的有效性和一些生产力的测量，如设计的年度处理量和领导的项目数量。(3)A使用通用电子表格软件Excel开发了支持（1）中所述方法的工作分析工具原型。（4）将上述工具应用于多个工作，以检验其在工作分析中的有效性，并获得进一步改进的几点。(5)A本研究以问卷调查法探讨影响白色领工作效率的因素。问卷调查对象是日本一家大型制造企业的全体白色白领员工。这些因素是通过主成分分析获得的，应用响应数据的效率和工作质量的问题。(6)As作为（1）中方法的补充，我们提出了一种眼动记录（EMR）方法来进行工作分析。该方法被应用于分析子弹列车的驾驶任务和观看电视广告（CM）时的认知行为。作为这些应用的结果，我们确定了例如，设计者的意图和观众的实际观看模式之间的认知过程的差异。CM设计参数对观众的观看模式的影响也被发现采用EMR方法。在子弹头列车的应用中，我们评估了一种新的接口设计的列车coclkpit，并提出了这种方法的实际设计实践的几个影响。(7)As在本研究的基础上，提出了白色领职业岗位设计和再设计的指导思想。特别是，我们提出了一个以用户为中心的方法作为一个新的范式的工作设计，并检查这种方法的案例研究。少