权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

A Sociological Study on the Formation of Public Spheres in the Internet

互联网公共领域形成的社会学研究

基本信息

批准号：
10610171
负责人：
YOSHIDA Jun
金额：
$ 0.45万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10610171/
关键词：
the Internet Public Sphere Information Network Society 情報化仮想社会

项目摘要

This project aimed to examine theoretically and empirically the possibilities of the formation of public spheres, the social spaces in which citizens construct public opinions through rational communications and debates, on the basis of the Internet.Habermas's ideal conception of the public sphere is characterized by two essential aspects, (a) the construction of social spaces reproduced by rational communicative actions,(b) self-referential critique : public opinions constructed in the public sphere criticize not only political system, but also the civil society and the public sphere itself.From the theoretical point of view, the Internet is considered to be an ideal circumstance for realizing these two aspects. However, from the empirical point of view, ambivalent orientations has been found in the Internet : on the one hand, the Internet made possible to form autonomous social networks independent of existing social relations, but on the other, it made possible various social deviations by anonymous actors.Before analyzing empirical cases, public spheres in the Internet are divided into two models : micro and macro. Micro public spheres are the social spaces in which individual citizens participate and they construct their identities through communications and debates on cultural, social or political problems. Macro public spheres are the social spaces in which organized actors like NGO or NPO play the central role and they criticize political system or participate in policy-makings. Empirical cases were examined in Japan and United States through secondary and primary data (including on the Internet). As a result, the formation of micro public spheres on the Internet are often found in both countries. However, concrete examples of macro public spheres are already found in United States, but hardly found in Japan yet.

本研究旨在从理论和实证两个方面考察公共领域形成的可能性。公共领域是公民在互联网的基础上通过理性的交流和辩论来构建公共舆论的社会空间。哈贝马斯的理想公共领域概念具有两个基本方面的特征：（a）通过理性的交流活动来构建社会空间;（B）自我指涉批判：在公共领域构建的舆论不仅对政治制度进行批判，而且对公民社会和公共领域本身也进行批判，从理论上讲，互联网被认为是实现这两个方面的理想环境。然而，从实证的角度来看，互联网存在着矛盾的取向：一方面，互联网使独立于现有社会关系的自主性社交网络的形成成为可能，另一方面，它又使匿名行动者的各种社会偏差成为可能。在分析实证案例之前，我们将互联网中的公共领域分为微观和宏观两种模式。微观公共领域是个体公民参与的社会空间，他们通过对文化、社会或政治问题的交流和辩论来构建自己的身份。宏观公共领域是以非政府组织（NGO）或非营利组织（NPO）等有组织的行为体为核心，对政治制度进行批判或参与政策制定的社会空间。通过二级和初级数据（包括互联网上的数据）对日本和美国的经验案例进行了审查。因此，两国互联网上的微观公共领域的形成也是屡见不鲜的。然而，美国已经有了宏观公共领域的具体实例，而日本还很难找到。