A STUDY OF CHANGING FACTORS OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT POLICIES IN JAPAN

日本现行的学校管理政策强调学校问责制。本研究的目的是弄清推动这种政策的因素。本研究发现以下五个因素：(1)提出了放松管制的行政改革，(2)公共教育管理体制的可操作性降低，(3)公共教育的目标发生了变化，(4)教育问题变得严重，(5)学校参与需求增加。第一个因素(提出了放松管制的行政改革)是当前学校管理政策最重要的因素之一。自我管理学派的基本理念受到了最近行政改革的关键词的影响，如自我责任和自我决策。总之，当前的学校管理政策与行政改革有关，本研究还分析了这五个因素之间的相互关系。

Current Japanese school management policies put emphasis on school accountability.The purpose of this research is to make clear the factors which have driven such policies.Following five factors were found in this study.(1) Administration reform for deregulation was proposed,(2) Workability of administration system of public education were decreased,(3) The goals of public education were changed,(4) Education problems became serious and(5) Demands of participation in schools were developed.The first factor (administration reform for deregulation was proposed) was the most significant to emerge current school management policies.Self-Managing School is one of the most important term in the policies. The basic ideas of Self-Managing School are influenced by key words of recent administration reform such as self-responsibility and self-decision. In short, current school management policies are related to administration reform.The inter-relationship among these five factors are also analyzed in this research.