Comprehensive Study on Waterside Space and Facilities of Jiannan Market Towns in the Early Modern China

本研究的目的是全面了解中国近现代早期江南地区水边镇（集镇）的总体特征、历史背景及其发展。为此，我们研究和分析了运河、街道、城墙、城门、水门、桥梁、码头、广场、建筑、宗教建筑、警卫站等城镇设施的形成和布置。本文选择江南的蜀州和嘉定两个城市作为研究对象，是因为这两个城市在地理条件、历史背景和城镇功能上具有典型和鲜明的特点。研究分析了这两个城镇的形成和发展过程，注意了两个城市之间的共同因素和特殊因素。他结合中国特有的环境理论——风水理论，研究了嘉定水边城镇的空间布局和设施安排。他的研究首次阐明了江南无山水乡的风水理论是以何种形式具体化的。寺寺提出了一种理论，认为江南水乡的繁荣归功于集镇之间的自由交通，同时为居民提供安全保护。作为保持城镇开放、自由交通与防御之间平衡与和谐的手段，寺寺注重在水边城镇的运河入口处建造石拱桥和巡（水边站牌），并研究和考察其形态、类型、活动和历史背景。

The purpose of this study is to have comprehensive understanding of general characteristics, historical background and development of waterside towns (market towns) in Jiangnan area in the early modern period of China. For this purpose we studied and analyzed the formation and arrangements of town facilities such as canals, streets, town walls, town gates, water gates, bridges, docks, squares, buildings, religious buildings, and guard stations. Two cities in Jiangnan, Shuzhou and Jiading are selected for this study because of their typical and contrasting characteristics in geographical conditions, historical background and functions as a town. The formation and processes of development of these towns are studied and analyzed paying attention to common and peculiar factors between the two cities.Lu examined the spatial layout and arrangements of facilities in waterside towns, particularly of Jiading, in relation with an environmental theory peculiar to China, theory of fengshui. His study is the first to elucidate in what form the theory of fengshui was materialized in waterside towns in Jiangnan that have no mountains.Teraji developed a theory that the prosperity of waterside towns in Jiangnan was attributed to their practice of free traffic between market towns, while providing safety and protection to the residents. As the means to maintain balance and harmony between the open, free traffics and defensiveness for the towns, Teraji paid attention to stone-made arch bridges and Xun (waterside guard station) built at the entrance to a canal in the waterside towns and studied and examined the shapes, types, activities and the background of the historical background.