Study of Phase Transition of Superfluid Helium 3 in sub micrometer Space

在0.8 μm板坯几何结构中对超流体^3He进行了实验研究，发现^3He准粒子在表面的边界条件对超流体相的稳定性有很大的影响。^3He超流态的各向异性出现在实际空间中，这种各向异性与样品胞的各向异性相竞争。结果表明，当将液体^3He放入尺寸接近相干长度的槽中时，可望观察到超流态之间的特殊相变（a - b相变）和超流相变温度的抑制。相干长度随压力的变化而变化，压力越低，相干长度越长。从这个角度来看，上述预期在较低的压力下变得更加明显。在我们的研究中，我们开发了高q值调谐电路，用于低温放大器的核磁共振检测，以获得足够的信噪比。我们观察到在所有压力下，A-B相变温度都低于1.1 μm板坯几何形状下的A-B相变温度，并且超流体相变温度也有较大的抑制。正如预期的那样，这些在较低压力下得到增强，低于约2bar时没有发生A-B转变。临界厚度很好地解释了两种板坯几何形状的A-B相变现象。令人惊讶的是，当我们在边界表面放置一些^4He层时，a - b相变温度变得更高。薄^4He层的超流动性似乎改变了^3He准粒子的边界条件，提高了A-B转变温度。然而，到目前为止，所有的理论论证都显示了相反的结果。我们需要新的理论工作来讨论我们的结果。

It became clear that the boundary condition of ^3He quasi particles at the surface had a great effect on the stability of superfluid phases by our experimental study on superfluid ^3He in 0.8 μm slab geometry. The anisotropy of ^3He superfluid state appears in real space and this anisotropy competes with the anisotropy of sample cell. As a result it is expected that we can observe the particular phase transition between superfluid states (A-B phase transition) and the suppression of the superfluid transition temperature when we put liquid ^3He in a cell whose size is close to the coherence length. The coherence length varies depending on pressures, the lower pressure, the longer coherence length. From this point of view the above expectation becomes more obvious at lower pressures.In our study, we developed the high Q-value tuned circuit for NMR detection with the low temperature amplifier to get the enough S/N ratio. We observed the lower A-B phase transition temperatures than those in 1.1 μm slab geometry at all pressures and also observed the large suppression of superfluid transition temperature. These were enhanced at lower pressures as expected and no A-B transition occurred lower than about 2 bar. The critical thickness well explained A-B phase transition phenomena at both slab geometries. Surprisingly the A-B phase transition temperature became higher when we put a few ^4He layers on the boundary surface. The superfluidity of thin ^4He layer seems to change the boundary condition for ^3He quasi particle and to lift A-B transition temperature. All the theoretical arguments, however, showed the opposite result so far. We need new theoretical work to discuss about our results.