Addictive mechanisms in obesity: Is there a unique contribution of food addiction compared to binge eating disorder?

肥胖的成瘾机制：与暴食症相比，食物成瘾是否有独特的贡献？

• 批准号: 528774085
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Astrid Müller
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/528774085?language=en
• 关键词: Addictive; mechanisms; obesity; there; unique

Obesity is one of the major health problems in the Western World. At present, about 18% of the German population are diagnosed as obese as indicated by a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30kg/m2. Unfortunately, the long-term efficacy of weight loss interventions is low. One way to enhance the efficacy may be to provide more tailored interventions for special subgroups of patients with obesity. The development of such interventions requires a better understanding of the psychological mechanisms that contribute to obesity. In this regard, two conditions related to obesity are particularly relevant: binge eating disorder (BED) and food addiction (FA). BED is the most common mental disorder reported in obesity and is characterized by frequent, recurrent episodes of binge eating during which the individual experiences a subjective loss of control over eating. Eating thereby seems to provide initially a relief from negative feelings, but results in shame and distress. The FA concept is based on the assumption that certain palatable foods (i.e. high in salt, fat, and refined carbohydrates) may trigger response patterns known from substance use disorders like craving, but also loss of control. In obese patients with BED, prevalence rates of FA of 57% are observed, suggesting that the constructs do not entirely overlap. However, there is at present a considerable lack of research differentiating obesity and FA and obesity and BED regarding underlying psychological processes. Against this background, the aim of this study is to investigate whether BED and FA are two distinct, yet overlapping, conditions regarding affective and cognitive psychological processes contributing to obesity. A mixed-methods between-subjects design with four groups (“obesity+FA+BED”, “obesity+FA“, obesity+BED, “obesity”; total N=360 participants) will be implemented. Diagnosis of BED and FA will be based on ICD-11-criteria, in the case of FA the criteria of substance use disorders will be adapted for food; all groups will be matched regarding age and gender (50% female). For all participants, inclusion criteria are BMI ≥30 kg/m2, and age ≥18 and ≤65 years. The study will comprise a single test-session lasting about three hours as well as a sixth-months follow-up (to explore the stability of the diagnoses). Experimental tasks with food-related and neutral stimuli will be administered and questionnaires on, for example, difficulties of emotion regulation and experiences of gratification and compensation from food. We expect that a diagnosis of FA will be associated with more severe cue-reactivity, a more pronounced approach bias towards food, deficits regarding delay discounting and higher gratification from food, while we expect that BED will be associated with higher deficits of emotion regulation and higher feelings of compensation from food. We expect that obese patients with FA and BED will show the greatest impairment of food-related inhibitory control compared to all other groups.

肥胖是西方世界的主要健康问题之一。目前，大约18％的德国人口被诊断为肥胖，如体重指数（BMI）≥30kg/m2所示。不幸的是，减肥干预措施的长期有效性很低。提高效率的一种方法是为肥胖患者的特殊亚组提供更量身定制的干预措施。这种干预措施的发展需要更好地了解导致肥胖的心理机制。在这方面，与肥胖有关的两个疾病特别相关：面食饮食障碍（床）和食物成瘾（FA）。床是肥胖症报道的最常见的精神障碍，其特征是经常发生的，复发的bbinge饮食发作，在此期间，个人经历了受试者失去对饮食的控制。因此，饮食似乎最初可以缓解负面情绪，但会导致羞耻和困扰。 FA概念是基于以下假设：某些可口的食物（即盐，脂肪和精制碳水化合物的高）可能会触发从渴望诸如渴望的物质使用障碍中知道的响应模式，但同时也失去了控制。在肥胖患者中，观察到FA的患病率为57％，这表明构建体并不完全重叠。但是，目前缺乏研究区分肥胖和FA，肥胖和床关于基本心理过程的研究。在这种背景下，这项研究的目的是研究床和FA在情感和认知心理过程中是否有两个不同但又重叠的条件，导致肥胖。与四组（“肥胖+fa+床”，“肥胖+fa”，肥胖+床，“肥胖”，n = 360个参与者的诊断床和FA的诊断，将基于ICD-11-11-肯定的诊断，在FA的情况下，使用DISORDORDERS的诊断将是;所有小组都将与年龄和性别有关（女性50％）。对于所有参与者，纳入标准为BMI≥30kg/m2，年龄≥18岁，≤65岁。该研究将包括持续大约三个小时的单个测试课程以及六个月的随访（探索诊断的稳定性）。将执行具有与食物有关的和中性刺激的实验任务，并在例如情绪调节和食物的满足和补偿经验的难度上进行调查表。我们预计FA的诊断将与更严重的提示反应性，对食物的更明显的方法偏见，定义有关延迟折现和更高的食物满足感，而我们希望床与情绪调节的更高定义以及食物的更高补偿感有关。我们预计与所有其他组相比，患有FA和床的肥胖患者将显示食物相关抑制作用的最大损害。