a study on "HOUSING ASSOCIATION" -voluntary organizations for housing and environmental action in UK

我试图研究“住房协会”S的活动，为英国城市的住房和环境行动，如伯明翰，格拉斯哥和利兹。并研究了地方当局在地方住房政策中的作用，包括房委会的活动。我的结论在两篇论文中描述，作为下一篇文章的参考。(1)房委会活动的背景是地方当局(LA)的政策，我在利兹市发现了一个这样的例子。在工业发展的时期，利兹市中心地区建造了大量背靠背的房屋。这些人有七万多人。战后利兹的住房政策随着时代的变迁发生了变化，但这两种政策一直保持着各自不同的特点。一种是清除策略，另一种是改进策略。由于这两个策略的结果，超过一半的背靠背房屋仍然没有采取清理行动。而现在，房委会的很多活动都需要在这些低标准的住宅区进行。(2)房委会的一般性质在很长一段时间里都是为穷人服务的慈善组织。由于中央政府的住房政策，他们开始扮演公共住房供应的替代角色，取代了洛杉矶的市政住房。从1988年《住房法》开始，房委会可以开始使用私营部门的资金，以前他们可以建造更多的单元。但他们的贷款价格对穷人来说太高了。因此，洛杉矶现在正试图通过与房委会谈判的方式，为穷人争取到负担得起的住房，以便他们必须继续建造。地政总署将可取得房委会供应负担得起的房屋的权利，以换取豁免向房委会批出土地或地政津贴。房屋署可透过咨询为中央政府房屋政策及实务而筹组的房屋公司(下称“房委会”)，安排房委会的行动。

I tried to research "HOUSING ASSOCIATION (HA) 's activities, for housing and environmental actions in UK cities such as Birmingham, Glasgow and Leeds. And I researched the role of Local Authority on the Local housing policy including HA's activities.My conclusions described in two papers as references in next paze. They are followings:(1)The background for HA activities were in the policy of Local Authority (LA), and I found a case of this in Leeds City.During the time of growing industry, a lot of Back-to-Back houses were built in inner-city areas of Leeds. These number were over seventy thousands. The housing policy of Leeds were changed at the times of earch ages after w.war second, but these policys have been continuing to keep the two kind of policy, that had different charactors. One of them was Clearance stratagy, and other was Improvement one. As the result of these two stratagy, more over a half of that Back-to-Back houses remained without clearance action. And now, many of HA activities are need to do in these low-standard housing areas.(2)General nature of HA have been charity organizations for poor people during long time before. Because of Central Government Housing Policy, they came to have alternative role of public housing supply instead of LA municipul housing. From 1988 Housing Act, HA could become to apply private sector's fund, and they could built much more units before. But their lent price became too high to live in for poor people.Therefore, LA are now trying to get any affordable houses for poor people to live in, by means of negotiation with HA so that they must keep to build them. LA would be able to acquire the right for HA to supply affordable houses, in exchange forgiving lands or LA grants to HA. LA would be able to arrange HA actions by consulting with Housing Corporation (HC) that has been organized for housing policy and practice of Central Government.