Communal Space and Norms of Environment Preservation in villages in Okinawa, History and Prospects of Reconstruction

研究的目的是调查冲绳村庄的公共空间和环境保护规范。从环境的角度来看，冲绳村庄可分为三种类型：山原类型、石灰岩高原类型和崛起的珊瑚礁类型。石灰岩高原类型的村庄经历了致命的战争破坏和重建时期以及快速的城市化。因此，为了考虑当代问题，这种类型被认为是一个合适的调查对象。通过对二战、冲绳战役之前的村庄状况记录的分析，区分出一个原型，它具有村庄内部的公共空间和北侧的小山丘。根据冲绳社区的社区规则《村内法》的记载，确认了作为社区规则的环境保护规范的存在。村庄社区拥有共同的场所，这是冲绳县历史特殊性的结果之一。作为财产的公共场所是村庄的重要组成部分，但另一方面也存在着与社区构成变化相适应的问题。作为村庄重要环境要素的小型绿地在战后逐渐减少。根据对村庄的详细案例研究，这种减少有村庄复杂的历史细节背景，即村庄公共空间和神圣区域的军队驻扎状况、冲绳战役期间村庄的致命破坏以及战后的重建过程。考虑到环境保护规范的重建，确认了公共空间的再生和社区改革的重要性。

Purpose of research is to investigate on communal space and norms of environment preservation in villages of Okinawa.From viewpoint of environment villages in Okinawa can be divided into 3 types, Yanbaru type, Limestone plateau type and Risen coral reef type. Limestone plateau type villages have undergone fatal war damage and reconstruction period and rapid urbanization. Therefore this type is considered as an appropriate subject of investigation for the purpose of consideration on contemporary problems.Through analysis of records on state of villages before the W.W.II, battle of Okinawa, an prototype is distinguished, which has common spaces inside villages and small hills on northern side. According to the records of "Muranai-ho", community rules in Okinawan community, existence of norms of environment preservation as community rules is confirmed.Village communities owns common places, which is one of the result of historical particulars of Okinawa prefecture. Common places as properties are important elements of villages, on the other hand there are problems to correspond to changing composition of community.Small green zones which are important environmental elements of village are decreasing gradually after the War. According to case study in detail of an village, the decreases have background of complicated historical particulars of villages, which is the state of army post in village common space and sacred areas, fatal destruction of village during the battle of Okinawa and reconstruction process after the War.Considering the reconstruction of norms of environment preservation, importance of regeneration of common space and reform of community is confirmed.