CLASSIFICATION OF JAPANESE PEAR CULTIVARS BY ISOZYME AND DNA ANALYSIS AND CONSTRUCTION OF PHYLOGENETIC TREES

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It is unclear whether Japanese pear cultivars (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) were imported from China or Korea or improved on Pyrus serotina in Japan. The investigations were conducted to make it clear at molecular level. The maternal relationship in Pyrus species (mainly Japanese pear) was revealed by PCR-RFLP analysis of chloroplast DNA regions. A cDNA clone, JPROMT, was isolated by differential display and its predicted amino acid residues showed high similarity to plant O-methyltransferase. Northern analysis showed that the expression of JPROMT was not observed in ripening fruits of Chinese pear, but in ripening fruits of Japanese pear and European pear. JPROMT was shown to be an useful molecular distinguishing from Japanese, Chinese and European pear. Two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase genes (PPACS1 and PPACS2) were also shown to be useful markers to classify Japanese pear cultivars.