Studies in breeding of seil-compatible Japanese pear and its adaptability to environment.

适应性强的日本梨育种及其环境适应性研究.

• 批准号: 04556005
• 负责人: TANABE Kenji
• 金额: $ 8.58万
• 依托单位: Tottori university
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1992 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04556005/
• 关键词: Japanese pear; Self-incompatibility; Resistant to Black spot decease; RFLP analysis; Finger printing; DNAフィンガープリント; アイソザイム分析; DNAフィンガープリント法; ゲノミックサザンハイブリダイゼイション; 茎頂培養; ウイルスフリー化

1. Five Japanese pear strains bred from 'Osa-Nijisseiki' were selected as self compatible and resistant to Black spot decease, and they were tested for the adaptability to the orchards in Tottori prefectrue. The fruit of TH-17, one of the strain, showed high sugar contents, fine flesh and high yield in any orchard. Therefore, it was assumed that TH-17 adapted for the environment in Tottori prefecture ; late strains TH-7 and TH-11 showed high fruit quality in the orchards.2. Relation between temperature condition and percentage of self-fruitfullness in the strains was studied during flowering ; temperature above 15C satisfied their fertilization and bearing.3. In order to identify the strains, DNA finger printing methods was adapted to Japanese pear. RFLP analysis using Rbcs DNA probe from Japanese pear performed to detect the specific hybridization pattern of the strains. The specific banding pattern was obtained from Native PAGE of Peroxidase isozyme prepared from leaves.4. Artificial pollination is not necessary for the fruit bearing of the strains, because of their self-compatibility. However, it is necessary to determine their self-incompatibility allele for using them as pollinizer for 'Nijisseiki' and 'Kosui'. 'Nijisseiki', 'Kosui' and 'Kiyosumi' were use for the determinaiton, it was clarified that S-alleles of TH-17 was S_4S_5 and TH32 was S_2S_4.

1.从‘Osa-Nijisseiki’中选育出5个自交亲和、抗黑斑病的日本梨品系，并对它们在鸟取县果园的适应性进行了测定。菌株TH-17的果实糖含量高，果肉细腻，在任何果园中产量都很高。因此，推测TH-17适应鸟取县的环境；晚熟品系TH-7和TH-11在果园表现出较高的果实品质。研究了开花期温度条件与自交结实率的关系，15℃以上的温度可满足其受精结果。为了对这些菌株进行鉴定，采用DNA指纹图谱方法对日本梨进行了鉴定。利用日本梨的RBC DNA探针进行RFLP分析，以检测菌株的特异杂交模式。从叶片制备的过氧化物酶同工酶Native PAGE中获得了特异的带型。由于这些品系具有自交亲和性，因此不需要人工授粉就能结果。然而，为了利用它们作为‘日本’和‘高穗’的授粉者，有必要确定它们的自交不亲和等位基因。确定了TH-17的S等位基因为S_4S_5，TH32为S_2S_4。

项目成果

Tamura, F., K.Tanabe and A.Itai.: "Effect of interruption of chilling on bud break in Japanese pear." Acta Hort.(in press). (1995)

Tamura, F.、K.Tanabe 和 A.Itai.：“冷却中断对日本梨发芽的影响。”

F.Tamura,K.Tanabe A.Itai: "Effect of Interruption of Chilling on Bud Break in Japanese Pear" Acta Horticulturae. (in press). (1995)

F.Tamura，K.Tanabe A.Itai：“冷冻中断对日本梨芽萌发的影响”园艺学报。

Jang, J.T., K.Tanabe, F.Tamura and K.Banno.: "Identification of Pyrus species by leaf peroxidase isozyme phenotypes." J.Jap.Soc.Hort.Sci.61. 273-286 (1992)

Jang，J.T.，K.Tanabe，F.Tamura 和 K.Banno.：“通过叶过氧化物酶同工酶表型鉴定梨属物种。”

田村 文男・田辺 賢二 伴野 潔・池田 隆政: "ニホンナシ‘二十世紀'の芽の休眠打破に及ぼす高温処理の影響" 園芸学会雑誌. 62. (1993)

Fumio Tamura、Kenji Tanabe、Kiyoshi Banno、Takamasa Ikeda：“高温处理对‘二十世纪’日本梨芽休眠的影响”，日本园艺学会杂志 62。（1993）。

Yabuno, M., K.Tanabe, F.Tamura, Y.Kano-Murakami and K.Kotobuki.: "Identification of Pyrus species by RFLP analysis of genomic DNA." J.Jap.Soc.Hort.Sci.62 (suppl.) 1. 18-19 (1993)

Yabuno, M.、K.Tanabe、F.Tamura、Y.Kano-Murakami 和 K.Kotobuki.：“通过基因组 DNA 的 RFLP 分析鉴定梨属物种。”