A Three-dimensional Morphological Study on the Development of Nerves, Vessels and Muscles in the Branchial Organs

1)小鸡和鼩鼱胚胎心脏和大血管的迷走神经分支的发育1998年，我们追踪了小鸡胚胎和家鼩（Suncus murinus）胚胎中迷走神经干产生的分支的发育过程。利用免疫组织化学方法对神经和神经细胞抗体在全胚染色中观察得到的结果是新的，对于考虑这些神经元素对发育中的心脏和大血管的三维形态具有重要意义。不幸的是，我们在描述神经分支时遇到了一个很大的困难，那就是心神经分支的术语混淆。为了清除和克服这一困难，我们在体视显微镜下解剖了胸椎脏器和通往心脏和大血管的迷走神经分支，并追踪了它们从起源到最终在心脏分布的全过程。观察到的神经分支从发育的角度命名。这样，我们就找到了一种极好的命名方法，可以命名任何脊椎动物的每一个心神经分支，而不会引起混淆。这一结果发表在1998年的Acta Anatomica Nipponica 73上。小鸡胚胎研究的结果已经发表，尽管部分发表在《生命体科学》（Science of Living Bodies）上。2)分布于人类心脏和大血管的迷走神经和交感神经分支采用与上面提到的研究相同的方法，我们比以往更详细地追踪了迷走神经和心交感神经分支。我们认为，除了通过主动脉门的迷走心脏分支外，神经分支进入静脉门分布到心房和房间隔。我们已经将这些发现写成了手稿，并寄给了Journal of Anatomy （England）的审稿人；这篇手稿已被暂时接受，需要添加关于心交感神经分支的发现。心交感神经分支到家鼩、鼠鼩的心脏观察心交感神经分支的整个过程是非常困难的，在实践中是不可能的，因为这些神经分支的髓鞘形成很少。为了克服这一困难，我们尝试用神经丝抗体对包括心脏和大血管在内的胸腔器官进行全片染色；通过这种方法，可以清楚地观察迷走神经和心交感神经分支的总路线。我们得到了一个新的数据，心脏交感神经分支的目的是心脏的静脉部分沿着大静脉血管，即上腔静脉和肺静脉。我们于1999年和2000年在日本解剖学协会的地方和一般科学会议上做了报告。4)另一个发现我们已经追踪了人类心脏房间隔的变异动脉路线。这一发现的手稿已发送给Acta Anatomica Nipponica，；这已被暂时接受，但还需要作出一些改变。少

1) Development of Vagal Branches destined to the heart and great vessels of chick and Suncus embryosIn 1998, we traced developing branches arising from the trunk of the vagus nerve in the chick embryos and the embryos of the house shrews (Suncus murinus). The results obtained by the observation in the whole-mount stained embryos by a immunohistochemical method using antibodies to the nerves and nerve cells are new and of importance for considering the three-dimensional morphology of these nerve elements to the developing heart as well as to the great vessels. Unfortunately, we encountered a great difficulties in describing the e nerve branches, that is the confusion of terms of the cardiac nerve branches. For the aim to clear and overcome thisdifficulties, we dissected the thoracic viscera and vagal nerve branches to the heart and great vessels under a stereomicroscope and traced the full-course from their origin to the final distribution in the heart. The observed nerves branches were … More named from the developmental viewpoint. In this way, we have found an excellent way of terminology in which every cardiac nerve branches of any vertebrates can be named without causing confusion. This result has been published in Acta Anatomica Nipponica 73 in 1998.The results obtained in the study of chick embryos has been published, though in part, in "Seitai no Kagaku" (Science of Living Bodies).2) Vagal and Sympathetic Nerve Branches Distributed to the Heart and Great Vessels of HumansIn the same way applied to the study 1 mentioned just above, we traced vagal and sympathetic cardica nerves branches in greater detail than ever. We fond, in addition to the vagal cardiac branches, which pass through the aortic porta of the heart, nerves branches entering the venous porta to be distributed to the atria and the interatrial septum. We have made a manuscript of these findings and sent to referee of Journal of Anatomy (England) ; this manuscript has been tentatively accepted, being required to add the findings on the sympathetic cardiac nerve branches.3) Sympathetic Cardiac Nerve Branches to the Heart of the House Shrews, Suncus murinusObservation of the total course of sympathetic cardiac nerves branches is very difficult, or impossible in practice, because the scanty of myelination of these nerve branches. For overcome this difficulty, we have tries a whole-mount staining of the thoracic organs including the heart and great vessels by use of antibodies to neurofilament ; By this method, the total course of the vagal and sympathetic cardiac nerve branches are clearly observable. We have got a new data that the sympathetic cardiac nerve branches destined for the venous portion of the heart take their course along the great venous vessels, I.e., the superior caval veins and the pulmonary veins. We made presentation in the local and general Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Anatomical Association in 1999 and 2000.4) Another FindingsWe have traced the variant artery coursing in the interatrial septum of the human heart. The manuscript of this findings has been sent to the referees of Acta Anatomica Nipponica, ; this has been tentatively accepted, some reverses being required. Less