A Three-dimensional Morphological Study on the Development of Nerves, Vessels and Muscles in the Branchial Organs

1)鸡胚和臭鼩胚胎心脏和大血管迷走神经分支的发育1998年，我们在鸡胚和臭鼩胚胎中追踪了迷走神经干发出的分支。通过使用神经和神经细胞抗体的免疫组织化学方法在整装染色胚胎中观察所获得的结果是新的，对于考虑这些神经元素对发育中的心脏以及对大血管的三维形态具有重要意义。然而，我们在描述心神经分支时遇到了一个很大的困难，即心神经分支的术语混乱。为了克服这一困难，我们在体视显微镜下解剖了胸腔脏器和迷走神经的心脏和大血管分支，并追踪了它们从起源到最终分布于心脏的全过程。观察到的神经分支为 ...更多信息 从发展的角度来命名。这样，我们就找到了一个极好的术语，任何脊椎动物的每一个心脏神经分支都可以被命名而不会引起混淆。这一结果发表在1998年的《日本解剖学学报》第73期上。鸡胚研究的结果部分发表在《自然科学》上。（生物体科学）2）分布于人类心脏和大血管的迷走神经和交感神经分支以同样的方式应用于上述研究1，我们比以往更详细地追踪了迷走神经和交感心神经分支。发现除穿过心脏主动脉门的迷走神经心支外，还有进入静脉门的神经分支分布于心房和房间隔。我们已将这些发现写成手稿，并送交英国《解剖学杂志》审稿人;由于需要增加对交感心神经分支的发现，该手稿已被暂时接受。3）家鼠心脏的交感心神经分支，Suncusmurinus观察交感心神经分支的总路线是非常困难的，或者在实践中是不可能的，因为这些神经分支缺乏髓鞘形成。为了克服这一困难，我们尝试用抗神经丝抗体对包括心脏和大血管在内的胸部器官进行整体染色，通过这种方法，可以清楚地观察到迷走神经和交感神经分支的总路线。我们得到了一个新的数据，即心交感神经分支指向心脏的静脉部分，它们的路线沿着大静脉血管，即，上级腔静脉和肺静脉我们在1999年和2000年的日本解剖学协会的地方和一般科学会议上发表了报告。4）另一个发现我们追踪了人类心脏房间隔内的变异动脉。这一发现的手稿已送交《日本解剖学学报》的审稿人;这份手稿已被暂时接受，但需要一些逆转。少

1) Development of Vagal Branches destined to the heart and great vessels of chick and Suncus embryosIn 1998, we traced developing branches arising from the trunk of the vagus nerve in the chick embryos and the embryos of the house shrews (Suncus murinus). The results obtained by the observation in the whole-mount stained embryos by a immunohistochemical method using antibodies to the nerves and nerve cells are new and of importance for considering the three-dimensional morphology of these nerve elements to the developing heart as well as to the great vessels. Unfortunately, we encountered a great difficulties in describing the e nerve branches, that is the confusion of terms of the cardiac nerve branches. For the aim to clear and overcome thisdifficulties, we dissected the thoracic viscera and vagal nerve branches to the heart and great vessels under a stereomicroscope and traced the full-course from their origin to the final distribution in the heart. The observed nerves branches were … More named from the developmental viewpoint. In this way, we have found an excellent way of terminology in which every cardiac nerve branches of any vertebrates can be named without causing confusion. This result has been published in Acta Anatomica Nipponica 73 in 1998.The results obtained in the study of chick embryos has been published, though in part, in "Seitai no Kagaku" (Science of Living Bodies).2) Vagal and Sympathetic Nerve Branches Distributed to the Heart and Great Vessels of HumansIn the same way applied to the study 1 mentioned just above, we traced vagal and sympathetic cardica nerves branches in greater detail than ever. We fond, in addition to the vagal cardiac branches, which pass through the aortic porta of the heart, nerves branches entering the venous porta to be distributed to the atria and the interatrial septum. We have made a manuscript of these findings and sent to referee of Journal of Anatomy (England) ; this manuscript has been tentatively accepted, being required to add the findings on the sympathetic cardiac nerve branches.3) Sympathetic Cardiac Nerve Branches to the Heart of the House Shrews, Suncus murinusObservation of the total course of sympathetic cardiac nerves branches is very difficult, or impossible in practice, because the scanty of myelination of these nerve branches. For overcome this difficulty, we have tries a whole-mount staining of the thoracic organs including the heart and great vessels by use of antibodies to neurofilament ; By this method, the total course of the vagal and sympathetic cardiac nerve branches are clearly observable. We have got a new data that the sympathetic cardiac nerve branches destined for the venous portion of the heart take their course along the great venous vessels, I.e., the superior caval veins and the pulmonary veins. We made presentation in the local and general Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Anatomical Association in 1999 and 2000.4) Another FindingsWe have traced the variant artery coursing in the interatrial septum of the human heart. The manuscript of this findings has been sent to the referees of Acta Anatomica Nipponica, ; this has been tentatively accepted, some reverses being required. Less