A Three-dimensional Morphological Study on the Development of Nerves, Vessels and Muscles in the Branchial Organs

1)迷走神经分支的发育。1998年，我们在鸡胚胎和家鼠胚胎中追踪了迷走神经干发出的发育中的分支。用抗神经和神经细胞抗体的免疫组织化学方法对整个染色胚胎的观察结果是新的，对研究这些神经元件对发育中的心脏和大血管的三维形态具有重要意义。不幸的是，我们在描述e神经分支时遇到了一个很大的困难，那就是心脏神经分支的术语混淆。为了清除和克服这一困难，我们在体视显微镜下解剖了胸内脏和迷走神经至心脏和大血管的分支，并追踪了它们从起源到最终在心脏的分布的全程。观察到的神经分支为…更多的是从发展的角度命名的。通过这种方式，我们找到了一种很好的术语方法，可以用来命名任何脊椎动物的每一种心脏神经分支，而不会引起混淆。这一结果发表在1998年的《日本解剖学报73》上。对鸡胚胎的研究结果已发表在《Seitai no Kagaku》(活体科学)上。2)迷走神经和交感神经分支分布于人的心脏和大血管同样适用于上述研究1，我们比以往任何时候都更详细地追踪迷走神经和交感神经分支。我们发现，除了迷走神经的心脏分支穿过心脏的主动脉门外，还有进入静脉门的神经分支分布到心房和房间隔。我们已经将这些发现的手稿发送给了《解剖学杂志》(英格兰)的裁判；这份手稿已经被暂时接受，需要添加交感心脏神经分支的发现。3)交感心脏神经分支到家鼠的心脏，Suncus Murinus观察交感心脏神经分支的全过程是非常困难的，或者在实践中不可能，因为这些神经分支的髓鞘形成的稀少。为了克服这一困难，我们尝试了用神经丝抗体对包括心脏和大血管在内的胸部器官进行整体染色，这种方法可以清楚地观察到迷走神经和交感神经分支的全程。我们得到了一个新的资料，即到达心脏静脉部分的交感神经分支沿着大静脉，即腔静脉上静脉和肺静脉走行。我们在1999年和2000.4年度的日本解剖学协会地方性和全会科学会议上做了报告)另一项发现我们追踪到了人类心脏房间隔中的变异动脉。这一调查结果的手稿已发送给《日本解剖学报》的裁判；这已被暂时接受，但需要一些逆转。较少

1) Development of Vagal Branches destined to the heart and great vessels of chick and Suncus embryosIn 1998, we traced developing branches arising from the trunk of the vagus nerve in the chick embryos and the embryos of the house shrews (Suncus murinus). The results obtained by the observation in the whole-mount stained embryos by a immunohistochemical method using antibodies to the nerves and nerve cells are new and of importance for considering the three-dimensional morphology of these nerve elements to the developing heart as well as to the great vessels. Unfortunately, we encountered a great difficulties in describing the e nerve branches, that is the confusion of terms of the cardiac nerve branches. For the aim to clear and overcome thisdifficulties, we dissected the thoracic viscera and vagal nerve branches to the heart and great vessels under a stereomicroscope and traced the full-course from their origin to the final distribution in the heart. The observed nerves branches were … More named from the developmental viewpoint. In this way, we have found an excellent way of terminology in which every cardiac nerve branches of any vertebrates can be named without causing confusion. This result has been published in Acta Anatomica Nipponica 73 in 1998.The results obtained in the study of chick embryos has been published, though in part, in "Seitai no Kagaku" (Science of Living Bodies).2) Vagal and Sympathetic Nerve Branches Distributed to the Heart and Great Vessels of HumansIn the same way applied to the study 1 mentioned just above, we traced vagal and sympathetic cardica nerves branches in greater detail than ever. We fond, in addition to the vagal cardiac branches, which pass through the aortic porta of the heart, nerves branches entering the venous porta to be distributed to the atria and the interatrial septum. We have made a manuscript of these findings and sent to referee of Journal of Anatomy (England) ; this manuscript has been tentatively accepted, being required to add the findings on the sympathetic cardiac nerve branches.3) Sympathetic Cardiac Nerve Branches to the Heart of the House Shrews, Suncus murinusObservation of the total course of sympathetic cardiac nerves branches is very difficult, or impossible in practice, because the scanty of myelination of these nerve branches. For overcome this difficulty, we have tries a whole-mount staining of the thoracic organs including the heart and great vessels by use of antibodies to neurofilament ; By this method, the total course of the vagal and sympathetic cardiac nerve branches are clearly observable. We have got a new data that the sympathetic cardiac nerve branches destined for the venous portion of the heart take their course along the great venous vessels, I.e., the superior caval veins and the pulmonary veins. We made presentation in the local and general Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Anatomical Association in 1999 and 2000.4) Another FindingsWe have traced the variant artery coursing in the interatrial septum of the human heart. The manuscript of this findings has been sent to the referees of Acta Anatomica Nipponica, ; this has been tentatively accepted, some reverses being required. Less