Three-dimensional analysis of the morphogenesis of nerve branches and vessels distributed to the heart and bronchial organs of embryos, using whole-mount immunohistochemical staining and moleculohistoochemical methods.

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In year of 2000, the branches of the synpathetic nerve which reach the heart through the venous porta was newly discovered in the hearts of house shrew ( Smcus miriws). These nerve branches were observed to originate from the sympathetic trunk, and to course the azygos vein which course in parallel with this sympathetic trunk. Thereafter, these sympathetic (cardiac) nerve branches take a course along the brachiocephalic and superior caval vein, - entering the venous porta of the heart. These nerve branches are not observable through the common anatomical methods, and have not described in scientific papers. In our study, the existence of these heart nerve branch of this sympathetic nerve were clarified-by the method of what is called "whole-mount immunohistochemical staining method".In 2001, on the base of the data mentioned above, we researched concerning the existence of the cardiac nerve of the sympathetic nerve trunk origin in human beings. The observation area of humans is greatly … More wide. The cardiac nerve branches of the sympathetic nerve trunk origin are thinner than the cardiac branches of the vagus nerve origin, and their form is more complex than that of the latter. Therefore, it is difficult in a usual and macroscopic anatomy methods to investigate the concerned branches completely, and to name them. In two (2001 and 2002) years of our research details of the cardiac nerve which arise from the cervix part and the chest sympathetic nerve trunk are sketched in the A2 papers. We have clarified the cardiac nerve branches with the embryology form concept of the arterial and venous portae of the heart.It turned out all nerves distributed in human heart can be named according.to the same terms which we have applied to the cardiac nerve branches of the house shrews (Tanaka et al, 1988).From now on, in our laboratory, embryological researches on the heart nerve branch are scheduled to be proceeded furthermore, while giving a deep mind to the data of humans.Details of the formation of raf s knee joint were also elucidated in the study on the nerve developmental formation of the knee joint. By immunohistochemical staining and biochemical research, it was clarified that the knee joint is not formed with the apoptosis of the cell as hitherto described, but with the ordinal cell development. Less