Analysis of Angiogenesis for the Intra-Articular Lesions of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders by Mechanical Stress

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Analysis of Intra-Articular Inflammatory changes for Temporomandibular Joint DisordersThe present study evaluated the relationship between joint pain, contrast enhancement of the posterior disk attachment by MR imaging, and nitric oxide production in the synovial fluid of patients with TMJ disorders.Subjective pain level and location were determined by the patient's self assessment using the 100 mm visual analog scale. Synovial fluid was collected from the superior compartment of the joint using a direct aspiration technique. The level of nitric oxide production in the synovial fluid was measured by the Griess reaction.The degree of pain was correlated with contrast enhancement of the posterior disk attachment (n=40, r=0.70, P<0.001). The elevated level of nitric oxide in synovial fluid was associated with high degree of joint pain and prominent enhancement of the posterior disk attachment. Nitric oxide may be a critical mediator that functions to clarify the inflammatory cascade in the TMJ region.Effects or Estrogen on cytokine Secretion and Nitric Oxide production from Human Synovial FibroblastsIn the present study, we investigated the molecularbiological effects of estrogen on inflammatory cytokine production, nitric oxide production, and iNOS mRNA expression using the synovial tissues of femoral joint from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.17b-estradiol significantly inhibited GM-CSF secretion and nitrite production in the culture medium in a concentration-dependent manner which reached significance at 10 mM (p<0.05). Using RT-PCR techniques the expression of the iNOS mRNA could be demonstrated in unstimulated and cytokine-stimulated cultures of synovial fibroblasts in the presence of estradiol (10 mM). Our results suggest that synovial fibroblasts are sensitive to the influence of estrogen and provide information for their role as immunomodulatory factors. Estrogen indeed might exert protective effects in the inflamed joint.