Elevated serum vitellogenin and gonadal abnormalities in wild male founder from Tokyo Bay, Japan

我们对血清VTG的季节性变化进行了调查，作为环境雌激素的影响的生物标记，从东京湾收集到的野生雄性闪光灯（横滨的斑点），并比较了这些水平在日本海岸附近的雄性闪光灯参考网站。我们的参考站位于北海道Shiriuchi以外，在那里为海洋环境提供了污水和废水投入，据认为这是有害的。来自东京湾的Pleuronectes，年龄大约为1至6岁。1997年1月和1998年5月之间被捕获（男性： n=130，女性： n=143），涵盖了一个完整的生殖季节。1997年3月和1998年6月之间的志里鲁奇海峡收集了参考资料标本（男性： n= 62，女性： n=64）。从东京湾和北海道的女性闪光灯的平均血清水平建议女性VTG在两个网站之间观察到没有明显的差异（提升或降低）。在Shiriuchi以外的参考网站，平均VTGl ... More evels for male flounder was < 50 ng ml D1-1 In contrast， male flounder in Tokyo Bay showed elevated levels of VTG almost throughout the year （mean： 204 ng ml D1 -1; ranging from < 50 ng ml D1 -1到2200 ng ml D1 -1）。在Tokyo Bay （n=130） were significantly higher （p <0.001）比较到those of the reference fish from Hokkaido （n=62）。东京湾血清VTG集中观察到的个人男性在血清VTG集中可以是在敏感度或对雌基因化合物的吸收程度上的个人差异。东京湾男性闪光器和其他因素的VTG之间的关系，如标准长度， Hepatosomatie指数（HSI）， 17β-雌二醇（E-D22 E-D2）、testosterone （T）、and gonadosomatic index （GSI） was investigated。我们在VTG和标准长度之间找到了没有意义的关系，其中一年以上的年龄段的VTG occurs在所有年龄段之间的指数。在VTG和HSI之间没有任何关系， E-D-22-D-2或T级。However，血清VTG的高度集中度在男性闪光灯中，GSI在东京湾低于2%。因此，GSI是一个额外的因素，即当雄性闪光器被部署为环境雌激素的生物监测器。关于一种非常敏感的方法的开发，用于确定雄性鱼允许的非常低水平的等离子体VTG， a）检测雌激素化合物的痕迹数量和主要的痕迹; b）对高度污染的血清样本的分析，其中可以防止ELISA技术的关键问题。在高浓度的血清化合物中不具体的干扰。我们已经开发并优化了一项光度计免疫测定，以检测从参考网站收集的血清血清中收集的VTG的痕迹数量，位于北海道Shiriuchi以外，在哪里进行了污水和废水输入，以确定海洋环境是不利的。此方法可以成功地应用于监视基线VTG水平中的血清样本中的季节性变化，从一个参考网站中发现。Such results will be useful in interpreting the effects of environmental estrogens in ecosystems。Both E-D22-D2 and T in the sera of male and female fish were high during winter， when VTG levels in female fish and the GSI of both sexes were also high。Estrogen已经在野生男性的血液中找到了比在冬天正常看到的男性的10%。The detectable levels of VTG in the blood of Wild male flounder at the reference site in winter may be a consequence of the presence of physiologically active levels of estrogen。Perhaps this species expresses VTG in both sexes in res\to“natural”circulating E-D22-D2。Histological analysis revealed that the gon\of about 15%of male flounder （3 out of 20） collected off Haneda in Tokyo Bay contained female gametes （intersexual gon\contained predominately male tissue）。性行为的程度是缓慢的，有几个主要的有机细胞在明显的正常测试系统中被分散。No abnormalities were seen in the testes of male flounder collected at the reference site in Hokkaido or in the ovaries of females from either site。Less（低）

We have investigate the seasonal changes of serum VTG, as a biomarker of the effect of environmental estrogens, in wild male flounder (Pleuronectes yokohamae) collected from Tokyo Bay, and compare these levels to those in male flounder from a reference site along the coast of Japan. Our reference station was located off Shiriuchi in Hokkaido, where sewage and wastewater inputs to the marine environment were considered to be negligible. Pleuronectes yokohamae from Tokyo Bay, aged approximately 1 to 6 yr. were caught between January 1997 and May 1998 (male: n=130, female: n=143), covering an entire reproductive season. Reference specimens were collected off Shiriuchi, in the Strait of Tsugaru, between March 1997 and June 1998 (male: n= 62, female: n=64). Mean serum levels of VTG for female flounder from Tokyo Bay and Hokkaido suggest that no obvious difference (elevated or depressed) of VTG of females was observed between the two sites. At the reference site off Shiriuchi, the mean VTG l … More evels for male flounder was < 50 ng mlィイD1-1ィエD1. In contrast, male flounder in Tokyo Bay showed elevated levels of VTG almost throughout the year (mean: 204 ng mlィイD1-1ィエD1; ranging from < 50 ng ml ィイD1-1ィエD1 to 2200 ng mlィイD1-1ィエD1). The VTG levels in male flounder in Tokyo Bay (n=130) were significantly higher (p <0.001) compared to those of the reference fish from Hokkaido (n=62). The considerable variation in serum VTG concentration observed in individual males from Tokyo Bay could be due to individual differences in sensitivity to or degree of accumulation of estrogenic compounds.The relationship between VTG in male flounder from Tokyo Bay and other factors such as standard length, hepatosomatie index (HSI), 17β-estradiol (EィイD22ィエD2), testosterone (T), and gonadosomatic index (GSI) was investigated. We found no significant relationship between VTG and standard length which indicates that induction of VTG occurs among male flounder of all ages above one year. Furthermore, no relationship was observed between VTG and HSI, EィイD22ィエD2 or T levels. However, high concentrations of serum VTG were observed more often in male flounder whose GSI was lower than 2% in Tokyo Bay. The GSI is therefore an additional factor that should be considered when male flounder is deployed as biomonitor of environmental estrogens.The development of a very sensitive method for the determination of very low levels of plasma VTG in male fish allows, a) detection of trace amounts of estrogenic compounds and mainly, b) analysis of highly diluted serum samples, which can avoid a critical problem of the ELISA technique, the unspecific interference with serum compounds at high concentrations. We developed and optimized a luminometric immunoassay that was able to detect trace amounts of VTG in the serum of male flounder collected from a reference site, located off Shiriuchi in Hokkaido, where sewage and wastewater inputs to the marine environment were considered negligible. This method can be applied successfully to monitor seasonal changes in baseline VTG levels in serum samples obtained from a reference site. Such results will be useful in interpreting the effects of environmental estrogens in ecosystems.Both EィイD22ィエD2 and T in the sera of male and female fish were high during winter, when VTG levels in female fish and the GSI of both sexes were also high. Estrogen has been found in the blood of wild males at levels as high as 10% of those normally seen in mature females in winter. The detectable levels of VTG in the blood of wild male flounder at the reference site in winter may be a consequence of the presence of physiologically active levels of estrogen. Perhaps this species expresses VTG in both sexes in response to "natural" circulating EィイD22ィエD2.Histological analysis revealed that the gonads of about 15% of male flounder (3 out of 20) collected off Haneda in Tokyo Bay contained female gametes (intersexual gonads contained predominately male tissue). The degree of intersexuality was slight, with a few primary oocytes scattered within apparently normal testicular tissue. No abnormalities were seen in the testes of male flounder collected at the reference site in Hokkaido or in the ovaries of females from either site. Less