Development technique of bone regeneration using Mesenchymal Stem Cell

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Recent studies in the field of tissue engineering have developed and established the technique of cultured bone regeneration with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow. Most of characteristics of the regenerat ion have been clarified by these recent studies. Generally, it have described a new technology called tissue engin eering that involves the morphogenesis of new tissue from constructs formed of isolated cells, biocompatible scaff olds and growth factors. In the present studies, we used MSCs as cell sources, ceramics and absorbable collagen as matrices, and rhBMP-2 and Platelet Rich Plasma as growth factors. In order to examine the effectiveness of cultur ed bone regeneration for clinical use, we investigated the following five things : 1) development of matrix, 2) ost eogenesis in vivo, 3) establishment of the method of larger scale of osteoblast culture, 4) the effectiveness of growth factors to improve the bone formation. 5) A possibility of clinical application in human. In regard to the matrix, we investigated the osteogenic potential of non resorbable HA and a new biodegradable β-tricalcium phosph ate (β-TCP), showing that β-TCP would be an ideal scaffolds for bone regeneration. In addition, we found that absorbable collagen would be an effective scaffold for rhBMP-2 in the sinus as well as autogenous bone. However, m ost studies regarding bone formation have adopted two dimensional histomorphometric evaluations and molecular biol ogys, not three dimensional such as micro CT. We also successfully evaluated microstructure of trabecular bone in human clinical cases. In some years from now, we are going to perform studies to improve the utility of the graft for the periodontal or alveolar defect for clinical use of technique of the cultured bone regeneration using MSCs with plasticity.